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[role=tabpanel]>div.core-authors,#core-collateral-tables [role=tabpanel]>div:last-child,#core-collateral-tables [role=tabpanel]>section.core-authors,#core-collateral-tables [role=tabpanel]>section:last-child{border-bottom:none}#core-collateral-fulltext-options .section--wrapper{display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-grow:1}#core-collateral-fulltext-options .section--wrapper>section:last-of-type{border-bottom:none}#core-collateral-fulltext-options .section--wrapper .spacer{border-bottom:none;flex-grow:1}#core-collateral-figures .external-links,#core-collateral-media .external-links,#core-collateral-tables .external-links{justify-content:space-between}#core-collateral-figures .section--wrapper .table .notes,#core-collateral-media .section--wrapper .table .notes,#core-collateral-tables .section--wrapper .table .notes{display:none}#core-collateral-more a{align-items:center;border-bottom:1px solid #e5e5e5;color:inherit;display:block;font-size:14px;font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.5;overflow:hidden;padding:1rem 2rem 1rem 0;position:relative;text-decoration:none;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap;width:100%}#core-collateral-more a i{color:inherit;font-size:29.6px;font-size:1.85rem;margin-right:.5rem;vertical-align:middle}@media(max-width:767px){#core-collateral-more a i{font-size:1.5rem}}#core-collateral-more a:hover{color:#f30}#core-collateral-more a:before{background-color:#000;background-color:transparent;content:"";color:inherit;font-family:icomoon;font-size:24px;font-size:1.5rem;position:absolute;right:0;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%)}#core-collateral-more ul{list-style:none;margin:0 auto;padding:0;position:relative;width:100%}#tab-contributors [property=email]:before{color:#666}#tab-contributors [property=email]:focus-visible:before,#tab-contributors [property=email]:hover:before{color:#1a1a1a}#tab-contributors [property=author] .affiliations,#tab-contributors [property=author] .author-notes,#tab-contributors [property=author] .core-credits,#tab-contributors [property=editor] .affiliations,#tab-contributors [property=editor] .author-notes,#tab-contributors [property=editor] .core-credits,#tab-contributors [property=reviewer] .affiliations,#tab-contributors [property=reviewer] .author-notes,#tab-contributors [property=reviewer] .core-credits{padding:.5rem 0}#tab-contributors [property=author] .disclosure,#tab-contributors [property=editor] .disclosure,#tab-contributors [property=reviewer] .disclosure{margin-left:0}#tab-contributors [property=author] .affiliations+.author-notes [role=paragraph],#tab-contributors [property=editor] .affiliations+.author-notes [role=paragraph],#tab-contributors [property=reviewer] .affiliations+.author-notes [role=paragraph]{margin:0}#tab-contributors [property=author] .core-biography,#tab-contributors [property=editor] .core-biography,#tab-contributors [property=reviewer] .core-biography{font-size:unset}#tab-contributors [property=author] [property=jobTitle],#tab-contributors [property=editor] [property=jobTitle],#tab-contributors [property=reviewer] [property=jobTitle]{color:#1a1a1a;font-size:12px;font-size:.75rem;line-height:16px;line-height:1rem;margin-top:.25rem}#tab-contributors [property=jobTitle]{color:#666;display:block;font-size:12px;font-size:.75rem;font-weight:600}.collateral-container{transition:margin-right .4s ease}.pill-lock-screen--transitioning #article_collateral_menu{transition:right .4s ease,top .4s ease}#article_collateral_menu a{text-decoration:none}[data-core-nav=collateral] li{display:flex}[data-core-nav=collateral] a{align-items:center;font-size:20px;font-size:1.25rem;height:44px;justify-content:center;min-width:44px;position:relative}[data-core-nav=collateral] a:before{background:#e5e5e5;border-radius:0;content:"";height:44px;left:50%;position:absolute;top:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) scale(0);transition:all .4s ease-in-out;width:44px}@media(max-width:767px){[data-core-nav=collateral] a:before{height:3.25rem;width:3.25rem}}[data-core-nav=collateral] a[aria-current=true]:before,[data-core-nav=collateral] a[aria-expanded=true]:before{background:var(--primary)}[data-core-nav=collateral] a:focus-visible,[data-core-nav=collateral] a:hover,[data-core-nav=collateral] a[aria-current=true],[data-core-nav=collateral] a[aria-expanded=true]{background:#000!important;background:transparent!important}[data-core-nav=collateral] a:focus-visible:before,[data-core-nav=collateral] a:hover:before,[data-core-nav=collateral] a[aria-current=true]:before,[data-core-nav=collateral] a[aria-expanded=true]:before{transform:translate(-50%,-50%) scale(1)}[data-core-nav=collateral] a>*{z-index:0}[data-core-nav=collateral] a [class^=icon-]{align-items:center;display:flex;min-height:20px;min-height:1.25rem}[data-core-nav=collateral] a [class^=icon-]:before{vertical-align:middle}[data-core-nav=collateral] a .reference-count{font-size:10px;font-size:.625rem;min-width:18px;min-width:1.125rem;height:18px;height:1.125rem;color:#fff;background:#0077c2;border-radius:1.25rem;border:1px solid #e5e5e5;display:inline-block;padding:0 .125rem;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:3.008px;top:.188rem;right:4px;right:.25rem}[data-core-nav=collateral] a{color:#1a1a1a;transition:background .15s ease-in-out,color .15s ease-in-out}[data-core-nav=collateral] a:focus-visible{background-color:#e5e5e5;color:#1a1a1a;outline:1px auto -webkit-focus-ring-color}[data-core-nav=collateral] a:hover{background-color:#e5e5e5;color:#1a1a1a;filter:none}[data-core-nav=collateral] a[aria-current=true],[data-core-nav=collateral] a[aria-expanded=true]{background-color:var(--primary);color:#fff}@media(max-width:767px){[data-core-nav=collateral] a{background-color:#000;background-color:transparent;transition:background .15s ease-in-out,color .15s ease-in-out}[data-core-nav=collateral] a:focus-visible,[data-core-nav=collateral] a:hover{background-color:#e5e5e5;color:#666}[data-core-nav=collateral] a:hover{filter:none}[data-core-nav=collateral] a[aria-current=true],[data-core-nav=collateral] a[aria-expanded=true]{background-color:#666;color:#fff}}@media(min-width:768px){[data-core-nav=collateral]{background:#fff}}@media(max-width:767px){#article_collateral_menu{overflow:hidden}#article_collateral_menu ul{display:flex}}@media(min-width:768px){#article_collateral_menu{position:absolute;right:0;top:calc(100% + 4rem + 20px)}:where(article:not([data-has~=right-rail])) #article_collateral_menu{transform:translateX(-50%)}}@media(min-width:768px)and (min-width:1064px){:where(article:not([data-has~=right-rail])) #article_collateral_menu{right:-24px;transform:translateX(100%)}}@media(max-width:767px){#article_collateral_menu .collateral-pill{overflow:auto}}@media(min-width:768px){#article_collateral_menu .collateral-pill{justify-content:flex-end;position:relative}}[data-core-nav=collateral]{overflow:hidden}@media(min-width:768px){[data-core-nav=collateral]{border:1px solid #e5e5e5;border-radius:0}}@media(max-width:767px){[data-core-nav=collateral] li+li{border-left:1px solid #e5e5e5}[data-core-nav=collateral] li+li:last-child{border-right:1px solid #e5e5e5}}@media(min-width:768px){[data-core-nav=collateral] li+li{border-top:1px solid #e5e5e5}}@media(min-width:768px){[data-core-nav=collateral]{transition:transform .4s ease;transform:translate(0)}.pill-lock-screen [data-core-nav=collateral]{transform:translate(var(--collateral-translate-x-small),var(--collateral-translate-y))}}@media(min-width:768px)and (min-width:952px){.pill-lock-screen [data-core-nav=collateral]{transform:translate(var(--collateral-translate-x),var(--collateral-translate-y))}}@media(min-width:768px)and (min-width:970px){.pill-lock-screen :where([data-has~=right-rail]) [data-core-nav=collateral]{transform:translate(var(--collateral-translate-right-rail),var(--collateral-translate-y))}}@media(min-width:768px)and (min-width:1288px){.pill-lock-screen :where([data-has~=right-rail]) [data-core-nav=collateral]{transform:translate(var(--collateral-translate-right-rail-upper),var(--collateral-translate-y))}}@media(max-width:767px){.collateral-middle{justify-content:center}.collateral-more{justify-content:flex-end}.collateral-more+#article_collateral_menu{display:none}.collateral-pill.js--has-scroll-left{background:linear-gradient(90deg,#e5e5e5 0,#e5e5e5 15%) #fff;background:linear-gradient(90deg,hsla(0,0%,89.8%,.5) 0,hsla(0,0%,89.8%,0) 15%) #fff}.collateral-pill.js--has-scroll-right{background:linear-gradient(270deg,#e5e5e5 0,#e5e5e5 15%) #fff;background:linear-gradient(270deg,hsla(0,0%,89.8%,.5) 0,hsla(0,0%,89.8%,0) 15%) #fff}.collateral-pill.js--has-scroll-left.js--has-scroll-right{background:linear-gradient(270deg,#e5e5e5 0,#e5e5e5 15%),linear-gradient(90deg,#e5e5e5 0,#e5e5e5 15%) #fff;background:linear-gradient(270deg,hsla(0,0%,89.8%,.5) 0,hsla(0,0%,89.8%,0) 15%),linear-gradient(90deg,hsla(0,0%,89.8%,.5) 0,hsla(0,0%,89.8%,0) 15%) #fff}}@media(min-width:768px){.collateral-more,[href="#core-collateral-more"]{display:none!important}}@media(min-width:768px)and (max-width:1741px){.core-sections-menu.open{filter:drop-shadow(0 0 1.25rem rgba(102,102,102,.3))}}[data-core-nav=article]{color:#666;display:flex;flex-flow:column nowrap;font-family:OTNEJMScalaSansLF,sans-serif;font-size:11.008px;font-size:.688rem;font-weight:700;line-height:18px;line-height:1.125rem;min-height:0;max-height:calc(100vh - 6rem);max-width:100%;padding:0 1rem;position:absolute;top:100%;transform:translateX(-100%);transition:transform .3s ease;width:182px}@media(max-width:767px){[data-core-nav=article]{background:#fff;text-align:left;transform:scaleY(0);transform-origin:50% 0;transition:transform .3s ease-in-out;width:100%}[data-core-nav=article] ul li a:before{left:.25rem}[data-core-nav=article] .content-navigation{min-height:3.375rem;margin:0}[data-core-nav=article] .content-navigation a{width:100%;padding-left:1rem}[data-core-nav=article] .content-navigation a~a{border-left:1px solid #e5e5e5}[data-core-nav=article] .content-navigation a~a:last-of-type{justify-content:flex-end;padding-left:0;padding-right:1rem}[data-core-nav=article] .core-self-citation{border-bottom:1px solid #e5e5e5;padding:1rem 1rem 0}}@media(min-width:768px)and (max-width:1741px){[data-core-nav=article]{background:#fff;text-align:right}[data-core-nav=article] ul li a:before{right:.25rem}}@media(min-width:1742px){[data-core-nav=article]{text-align:right}[data-core-nav=article] ul li a:before{right:.25rem}}[data-core-nav=article][aria-disabled=true]{display:none!important}[data-core-nav=article] .content-navigation{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;line-height:1;margin:.5rem 0;padding:0}[data-core-nav=article] .content-navigation a{align-items:center;color:var(--link-color);display:inline-flex;flex:unset;font-weight:inherit;text-transform:inherit}[data-core-nav=article] .content-navigation i{font-size:12px;font-size:.75rem}[data-core-nav=article] .content-navigation__next{margin:0 0 0 auto}@media(min-width:768px){[data-core-nav=article] .content-navigation{border:none;margin:0}[data-core-nav=article] .content-navigation a{display:none}}[data-core-nav=article] .content-navigation i+span,[data-core-nav=article] .content-navigation span+i{margin-left:.2em}[data-core-nav=article] .content-navigation__hint{display:none}[data-core-nav=article] .core-enumeration{font-size:14px;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:500;margin:.5rem 0 .625rem}[data-core-nav=article] .core-enumeration a{display:initial}[data-core-nav=article] .core-enumeration [property=datePublished]{display:inline-block;font-size:12px;font-size:.75rem;margin-top:.25rem}[data-core-nav=article] img{max-height:60px;display:block;margin:0 auto}[data-core-nav=article] ul{flex:1;list-style:none;overflow:auto;transition:background .2s ease;min-width:100%}[data-core-nav=article] ul:empty{display:none}[data-core-nav=article] ul:not(:empty){width:100%}[data-core-nav=article] ul.js--has-scroll-bottom{background:linear-gradient(0deg,#e5e5e5 0,#e5e5e5 15%) #fff;background:linear-gradient(0deg,hsla(0,0%,89.8%,.5) 0,hsla(0,0%,89.8%,0) 15%) #fff}[data-core-nav=article] ul.js--has-scroll-top{background:linear-gradient(180deg,#e5e5e5 0,#e5e5e5 15%) #fff;background:linear-gradient(180deg,hsla(0,0%,89.8%,.5) 0,hsla(0,0%,89.8%,0) 15%) #fff}[data-core-nav=article] ul.js--has-scroll-top.js--has-scroll-bottom{background:linear-gradient(0deg,#e5e5e5 0,#e5e5e5 15%),linear-gradient(180deg,#e5e5e5 0,#e5e5e5 15%) #fff;background:linear-gradient(0deg,hsla(0,0%,89.8%,.5) 0,hsla(0,0%,89.8%,0) 15%),linear-gradient(180deg,hsla(0,0%,89.8%,.5) 0,hsla(0,0%,89.8%,0) 15%) #fff}[data-core-nav=article] ul .bordered{border-top:1px solid #e5e5e5;padding-top:1.5rem}[data-core-nav=article] ul li{margin:1.5rem 0}[data-core-nav=article] ul li a{color:#666;text-decoration:none;transition:background .15s ease-in-out,color .15s ease-in-out}[data-core-nav=article] ul li a:focus-visible{background-color:#000;background-color:transparent;box-shadow:none!important;outline:1px auto -webkit-focus-ring-color}[data-core-nav=article] ul li a:hover{filter:none;text-decoration:none}[data-core-nav=article] ul li a[aria-current=true],[data-core-nav=article] ul li a[aria-expanded=true]{color:#1a1a1a;text-decoration:none}[data-core-nav=article] ul li a{display:inline;margin:1.5rem 0;padding:0 0 0 .75rem;position:relative;text-transform:uppercase}[data-core-nav=article] ul li a:before{content:"";background-color:var(--primary);border-radius:50%;display:inline-block;height:6px;height:.375rem;opacity:0;position:absolute;top:.125em;transform:scale(0);transform-origin:center;transition:transform .4s ease-in-out,visibility 0s 0s;width:6px;width:.375rem}[data-core-nav=article] ul li a:hover:before,[data-core-nav=article] ul li a[aria-current=true]:before{opacity:1;transform:scale(1)}[data-core-nav=article] footer:not(:empty){margin-top:.625rem;text-align:center}[data-core-nav=article] .sections-navbar__title,[data-core-nav=article] [property=name]{color:#1a1a1a;display:block;font-size:16px;font-size:1rem;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:.625rem}button[aria-controls=article_sections_menu]{align-items:center;border-radius:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:14px;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.02em;min-height:40px;min-height:2.5rem;min-width:40px;min-width:2.5rem;text-transform:uppercase;transition:background .15s ease-in-out,color .15s ease-in-out;border-bottom-left-radius:0;border-top-left-radius:0;font-size:20px;font-size:1.25rem;justify-content:center;line-height:1;max-height:none;padding:.5rem;z-index:1}button[aria-controls=article_sections_menu] 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#e5e5e5}button[aria-controls=article_sections_menu][aria-expanded=true]+#article_sections_menu{border-top:1px solid #e5e5e5;box-shadow:0 .75rem 1.25rem rgba(0,0,0,.13);transform:scaleY(1)}button[aria-controls=article_sections_menu][aria-expanded=false]+#article_sections_menu>*{display:none}}@media(min-width:768px){button[aria-controls=article_sections_menu][aria-disabled=true]{display:none!important}}@media(max-width:1741px){button[aria-controls=article_sections_menu][aria-expanded]+#article_sections_menu{border-top-left-radius:0;border-top-right-radius:0}button[aria-controls=article_sections_menu][aria-expanded=false]+#article_sections_menu>*{display:none}}@media(max-width:1741px)and (min-width:768px){button[aria-controls=article_sections_menu]{box-shadow:.25rem .125rem .5rem rgba(11,11,11,.12);transition:transform .3s ease}button[aria-controls=article_sections_menu][aria-expanded=true]{box-shadow:.5rem 0 1.25rem 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