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Conduct Disorder and Callous–Unemotional Traits in Youth

  • R. James R. Blair, Ph.D.,
  • Ellen Leibenluft, M.D.,
  • and Daniel S. Pine, M.D.

Children with repetitive rule-breaking, aggression, and disregard for others are at increased risk for substance abuse, educational disruption, and criminal behavior. Progress is being made toward understanding the clinical and neurocognitive features of callous youth.

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Funding and Disclosures

Disclosure forms provided by the authors are available with the full text of this article at NEJM.org.

No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Author Affiliations

From the National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.

Address reprint requests to Dr. Blair at the National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr., Rm. 4C104, Bethesda, MD 20892-1366, or at .