Disclosure forms provided by the authors are available with the full text of this article at NEJM.org.
Dr. Talley reports receiving lecture fees from the Rome Foundation and Takeda Pharmaceutical, receiving consulting fees from Yuhan, Adelphi Values, Prometheus Medical, Abbott Laboratories, Forest Laboratories (now Actavis), Furiex, Synergy Pharmaceuticals, Focus Communications, and Zeria Pharmaceutical, serving as an unpaid consultant to GI Therapies, receiving honoraria from Janssen, Danone, and GI Care, receiving study medication from Forest Laboratories, receiving grant support from the Rome Foundation, Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Prometheus Medical, Janssen-Cilag, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Abbott Laboratories, Datapharm, Pfizer, and Salix Pharmaceuticals, licensing the Bowel Disease Questionnaire and Mayo Dysphagia Questionnaire to the Mayo Clinic, and holding a patent (U.S. 12735358.9-1405/2710383) related to the performance of a biomarker panel for the irritable bowel syndrome. No other potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
We thank Dr. Paul G. Shekelle, director of the Southern California Evidence-Based Practice Center, RAND, for an informal review of an earlier version of the manuscript; Dr. Marjorie M. Walker, University of Newcastle, Australia, for assistance with the preparation of figures in an earlier version of the manuscript and in the Supplementary Appendix; and Dr. Gerald Holtmann, University of Queensland, Australia, Drs. Marjorie M. Walker and Simon Keely, University of Newcastle, and Dr. Nick Powell, King’s College London, for critical review of an earlier version of Figure 2.
