In a randomized trial conducted in Norway, decompression surgery alone was noninferior to decompression with instrumented fusion with respect to the percentage of patients who had a 30% reduction on a scale of pain and disability over a period of 2 years, with a noninferiority margin of −15 percentage points.

A particular class of small noncoding RNAs are transcribed from DNA and then processed by enzymes to generate short oligonucleotides that then control gene expression. This study underscores their relevance to human health and fitness.

In a randomized trial, patients with severe Covid-19 were assigned to receive either therapeutic-dose anticoagulation or usual-care pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis. At 21 days, therapeutic-dose anticoagulation did not improve hospital survival or the number of days free of cardiovascular or respiratory organ support.

A lipid nanoparticle containing mRNA for Cas9 protein and a single guide RNA targeting TTR was infused with the goal of insertion into hepatocytes and blocking of transthyretin production in patients with transthyretin amyloidosis. At a dose of 0.3 mg per kilogram, a single intravenous injection resulted in an 87% reduction in transthyretin levels, with only mild adverse events.

In a randomized trial, patients with moderately severe Covid-19 were assigned to receive either therapeutic-dose anticoagulation or usual-care thromboprophylaxis. At 21 days, therapeutic-dose anticoagulation resulted in a higher probability of survival until hospital discharge without organ support.

This open-label, 40-week, phase 3 trial assessed the efficacy and safety of tirzepatide, a weekly dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist under development for type 2 diabetes. Tirzepatide was noninferior and superior to semaglutide with respect to the mean change in the glycated hemoglobin level from baseline to 40 weeks.

Age-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of vision loss in older persons in industrialized nations. Micronutrient supplementation can reduce the risk of progression to advanced AMD. Treatment of neovascular AMD with anti–vascular endothelial growth factor pharmacotherapy reduces vision loss.

This interactive feature about management of atrial fibrillation offers a case vignette accompanied by two essays supporting different approaches to the use of anticoagulants after ablation for atrial fibrillation. Vote and comment.