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February 2, 2012  Vol. 366 No. 5

Audio Summary of this Issue

Perspective
389-391

By law, dietary supplements whose ingredients were not sold in the United States before 1994 require demonstration of a “reasonable expectation of safety” — a currently unenforced requirement. Will the FDA's proposed new guidance in this area be adequate?

391-393
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U.S. parents who decline or delay selected vaccinations or refuse to vaccinate their children are a diverse group. Vaccine coverage can be increased by focusing on parents who encounter barriers to obtaining vaccines or hesitate because of fears about safety.

393-395
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Global payment could change the perverse incentives inherent in the fee-for-service system. But accountable care organizations that track their member physicians' earnings according to standard fees for service will undermine the purpose of the approach.

395-397

Government austerity is likely to hit public health programs hard, as these programs compete for funds against the health care delivery juggernaut. But such an approach seems likely to hamper efforts to improve population health and reduce medical spending.

Original Articles
399-408

In patients with limited-stage Hodgkin's disease, ABVD chemotherapy alone resulted in a higher rate of long-term (12-year) survival than either radiation therapy alone or radiation therapy plus ABVD chemotherapy, with significantly fewer late treatment-related deaths.

409-420

In this trial involving women with symptomatic fibroids who were planning to undergo surgery, treatment with the selective progesterone-receptor modulator ulipristal acetate was effective in controlling excessive bleeding and reducing fibroid size at 13 weeks.

421-432

In this trial comparing oral ulipristal acetate (5 mg or 10 mg daily) with once-monthly leuprolide acetate in women with symptomatic uterine fibroids before planned surgery, both doses of ulipristal acetate were noninferior to leuprolide acetate in controlling uterine bleeding.

433-442

This trial assessed alum-formulated glutamic acid decarboxylase, the 65-kD isoform (GAD65), a major autoantigen in type 1 diabetes. In patients with recent-onset disease; the compound did not significantly alter the loss of C peptide or improve clinical outcomes.

Clinical Practice
443-453
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Puberty is considered delayed when it has not yet occurred at an age that is 2 to 2.5 SD later than average (traditionally, 14 years in boys and 13 years in girls). Constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP) is the most common cause. Management of CDGP is discussed.

Review Article
454-461
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During the past 200 years, our understanding of infectious diseases has radically evolved from the identification of microbes, to defining their genetic structure, to the development of focused antimicrobial therapies, to the realization of vector biology. This article highlights the tremendous advances that have been made in the field.

Images in Clinical Medicine
462
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An 18-year-old man with no notable medical history had sudden transient tetraplegia after heading a soccer ball. Ten minutes later, he had recovered normal strength. On examination, he had intense cervical pain, paresthesias on his shoulders and arms, and no other neurologic deficits.

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A 55-year-old man with a 31-year history of type 1 diabetes mellitus presented for a routine clinical evaluation, his first in two decades. His insulin regimen consisted of a combination of neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) and rapid-acting insulin. In the ...

Clinical Problem-Solving
463-468
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A 72-year-old man presented to his physician for evaluation of fatigue and weight loss. Over the previous 8 months, the patient had lost 16 kg (35 lb) and had begun having up to 10 loose stools per day. There was no history of blood in the stool, fever, chills, or rash.

Editorials
470-471

Extensive radiation therapy was the first therapeutic advance in the treatment of early-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma. More recently, less extensive radiation therapy in combination with chemotherapy has resulted in the lowest reported rates of early relapse. ...

471-473

The 2011 report from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality on comparative management of uterine fibroids noted, “Despite the prevalence and possible complications of uterine fibroids, few published studies examining the effectiveness of treatment ...

Correspondence
474-476

To the Editor: Three randomized trials reported by Blanc et al.,1 Havlir et al.,2 and Abdool Karim et al.3 (Oct. 20 issue) consolidate the evidence base underpinning recommendations on when to start antiretroviral therapy (ART) in patients with human ...

476-477

To the Editor: The study by Nguyen-Khac et al. (Nov. 10 issue)1 sidesteps old contentious issues regarding the use of glucocorticoid therapy in alcoholic hepatitis. Among the 8 references cited in support of glucocorticoid treatment, 2 in fact concluded ...

477-479

To the Editor: The study reported by Mathurin et al. (Nov. 10 issue)1 could have a strong impact on living-donor liver transplantation.

Mandatory alcohol abstinence before deceased-donor liver transplantation serves two purposes: evaluation of compliance,...

480-481

The BRAF inhibitor, vemurafenib, is associated with photosensitivity. This small study identifies ultraviolet A (UVA) as the active agent. UVA blockers may be effective in preventing photosensitivity among patients taking vemurafenib.

481-482

In this case report, Staphylococcus aureus was found to persist in an 85-year-old woman 75 years after the successful treatment of osteomyelitis during her childhood.

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