In this study in South Africa, 1148 HIV-infected adults with TB were assigned to rifapentine–isoniazid weekly for 12 weeks, rifampin–isoniazid twice weekly for 12 weeks, isoniazid daily for up to 6 years, or isoniazid daily for 6 months. No regimen was identified as superior.

In this study from South Africa, more than 1300 BCG-immunized infants with or without HIV coinfection received isoniazid or placebo for 96 weeks, starting at about 14 weeks of life. The burden of TB remained high, and primary isoniazid prophylaxis was not efficacious.

Nesiritide was approved by the FDA on the basis of small clinical trials for the treatment of acute heart failure. In this large clinical trial, nesiritide did not improve outcomes in patients with acute heart failure, and it can no longer be recommended for this condition.

Patients with sickle cell disease underwent ECG with assessment of tricuspid valve regurgitant jet velocity (TRJV) to screen for pulmonary hypertension, followed by right heart catheterization if the TRJV was 2.5 m per second or more. Prevalence was 27% on the basis of ECG criteria but only 6% on the basis of catheterization.

Autosomal dominant chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) is a severe immunodeficiency characterized by mucosal infections with fungi. Mutations affecting a particular region of the STAT1 signaling protein cause autosomal dominant CMC, probably through denting of the responses of type 1 and type 17 helper T cells.