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May 5, 2011  Vol. 364 No. 18

Audio Summary of this Issue

Perspective
1685-1687

Because of concerns about the real-world applicability of clinical trials and about improving the quality and value of health care, “pragmatic” trials are attracting increasing attention. These trials have both important strengths and inherent limitations.

1687-1689

Shortly after the FDA approved the costly sipuleucel-T (Provenge) for treating prostate cancer, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services opened a national coverage analysis for the drug, risking duplication of effort and impeded patient access.

1689-1691

The recent approval by the Food and Drug Administration of Makena, a new version of progesterone 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate, will drive up the drug's cost about 100-fold, with minimal added clinical benefit.

1691-1693

How little must patients and their relatives really understand of our attempts to communicate with them. How many cues are missed on an average ward round? Could the way we talk make relatives feel uncomfortable instead of involved?

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Nearly half the pregnancies that occur each year in the United States are unintended, according to the Guttmacher Institute. In 2001, an estimated 3.1 million pregnancies were reportedly unwanted or mistimed, and by 45 years of age, nearly half of U.S. ...

Original Articles
1695-1707

In this pragmatic trial, patients with asthma who required first-line controller therapy or were already using an inhaled glucocorticoid and needed additional therapy received a leukotriene-receptor antagonist (LTRA) or an inhaled glucocorticoid as first-line treatment or an LTRA or a long-acting beta2-agonist as an add-on.

1708-1717

After about 13 years of follow-up, men <65 years of age with prostate cancer diagnosed on the basis of obstructive urinary symptoms (rather than elevated prostate-specific antigen levels) and assigned to radical prostatectomy, as compared with watchful waiting, have improved survival.

1718-1727

Patients with unprotected left main coronary artery stenosis were assigned to either CABG or PCI with sirolimus-eluting stents. At 1 year, with a wide prespecified noninferiority margin, PCI was found to be noninferior to CABG.

1728-1737
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  • CME

Radiographs of Swedish women with atypical subtrochanteric fractures were compared with radiographs of women with ordinary subtrochanteric or shaft fractures. The increase in absolute risk was 5 cases per 10,000 patient-years of bisphosphonate use.

Clinical Therapeutics
1738-1745
  • CME
  • Video

In a patient with cutaneous melanoma, a sentinel-lymph-node biopsy is performed with the aid of a handheld gamma scanner and the use of isosulfan blue dye. The nodes are dissected as a group and then separated in preparation for histologic analysis.

Review Article
1746-1760

Experimental data suggest that the hemostatic system can accelerate plaque vulnerability to thrombosis in vivo. However, clinical support for these findings remains weak. This comprehensive summary reviews the evidence.

Images in Clinical Medicine
1761
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A 48-year-old man who had a traumatic fracture of the left femoral shaft 20 hours earlier was referred for a deterioration of consciousness that began after the fracture occurred. He was unresponsive to verbal stimuli; no focal neurologic abnormalities were found.

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A 37-year-old man presented with a brownish-black nail on the great toe of the right foot. A darkly pigmented linear patch had started to form within the toenail 4 years earlier and had widened and darkened over time. Two months before the current ...

Clinical Problem-Solving
1762-1767
  • Comments

A 25-year old woman presented for evaluation of abdominal pain. Her discomfort had begun 6 months earlier and was localized to the right upper quadrant. She described a constant pressure unrelated to food intake and associated with intermittent nausea and vomiting.

Editorials
1769-1770

    Asthma is a common reason for seeking medical care; it is the most frequent medical handicap among children. Because it is so common, most patients with asthma are treated by generalists and family physicians. Guidelines for treating asthma are built on ...

    1770-1772

    In 2010, prostate cancer was diagnosed in approximately 217,000 men in the United States. More than 90% of patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer have localized (clinical stage T1 or T2) disease.1 Men with early-stage prostate cancer face the ...

    Clinical Implications of Basic Research
    1773-1774

    Leishmaniasis can be visceral and deadly or restricted to a cutaneous lesion. A particularly severe form of disease is caused by an unregulated inflammatory response. A recent study suggests that this response may be triggered by a virus that infects the Leishmania parasite.

    Correspondence
    1775-1779

    To the Editor: Hoberman et al. (Jan. 13 issue)1 report that antibiotics reduced “the time to resolution of symptoms and reduced the overall symptom burden” in children with acute otitis media, and they reject the null hypothesis on the basis of ...

    1779-1780

    To the Editor: Hemmelgarn et al. (Jan. 27 issue)1 evaluated prophylactic recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) for preventing dialysis catheter malfunction. I have a few caveats regarding their interpretation of the results.

    The authors used a ...

    1780-1781

    To the Editor: O'Shaughnessy and colleagues (Jan. 20 issue)1 report a 56% rate of clinical benefit in the group of patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer who received chemotherapy plus the poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (...

    1781-1782

    A young man presented with inexplicable acidosis and hypoglycemia. He was found to have glycerol kinase deficiency, a rare entity that may be important to consider in the differential diagnosis once intoxication has been ruled out.

    Corrections
    1782
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    Opioids and Deaths Correspondence, N Engl J Med 2011;364:686-687. The disclosure statement (page 687) should have read, “Dr. Webster reports receiving consulting fees from AstraZeneca, BioDelivery Sciences International, Cephalon, Covidien Mallinckrodt, ...

    1782

    Case 7-2010: A 49-Year-Old Man with Peripheral Neuropathy and Ascites Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital, N Engl J Med 2010;362:929-940. In Table 3 (page 937), Thrombocytosis and Polycythemia should have been listed under Minor criteria, ...

    1782

    Analgesics for the Treatment of Pain in Children Review Article, N Engl J Med 2002;347:1094-1103. In Table 3 (page 1098), under the Usual Starting Intravenous or Subcutaneous Doses and Intervals column head, the bolus of Hydromorphone for a child <50 kg ...