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This study examined body-mass index, glucose tolerance, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels in American Indian children without diabetes who were then followed to adulthood. Obesity, glucose intolerance, and hypertension in childhood were strongly associated with premature death from endogenous causes, whereas hypercholesterolemia was not.
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In this randomized, multicenter trial, patients with a venous anastomotic stenosis who were undergoing hemodialysis were assigned to undergo balloon angioplasty or placement of a stent graft. Primary end points included patency of the treatment area and patency of the entire vascular access circuit. Percutaneous revision was improved with the use of a stent graft, which appeared to provide durable and superior patency and freedom from repeat interventions.
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The treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) often requires prolonged therapy. In this open-label, randomized study involving more than 400 patients in Bihar, India, a single infusion of liposomal amphotericin B was noninferior to a regimen of 15 alternate-day infusions of conventional amphotericin B deoxycholate.
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The optimal schedule of radiation treatment after breast-conserving surgery for invasive breast cancer is unknown. In this study, two groups of patients received either hypofractionated radiation or a standard schedule of radiation treatment. Ten years later, the two groups had similar risks of local recurrence and a similar appearance of the breast.
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The world's preterm birth rate continues to increase. In 2006, preterm births accounted for 12.8% of live births in the United States. Only about half the cases of prematurity result from identifiable causes. This review discusses the challenge of understanding the causes of premature birth and finding ways to prevent it.
A 58-year-old woman presented to her primary care physician after several days of dizziness, weakness, urinary frequency, fever, and dry mouth. A urinary dipstick test was positive for leukocyte esterase and nitrites, and a urine culture grew more than 10...
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A 53-year-old man was seen in the rheumatology clinic because of arthralgias, oral ulcers, vision loss, and vocal-cord paralysis. He had been well until 19 months earlier, when generalized arthralgias developed. He was treated with corticosteroids, methotrexate, and etanercept. Fever, myalgias, joint swelling, and tinnitus developed, followed by ulcers on the tongue, odynophagia, sudden unilateral visual loss, and vocal-cord paralysis.
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