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August 13, 2009  Vol. 361 No. 7

Audio Summary of this Issue

Perspective
645-647

In a congressionally mandated effort to improve postmarketing safety surveillance, the FDA is seeking to develop the Sentinel Network to link vast amounts of data on patients, medication use, and adverse events. Dr. Richard Platt and colleagues argue that ...

647-649

The FDA's proposed Sentinel system for postmarketing surveillance will generate many safety signals, some of which will be false alarms. Drs. Jerry Avorn and Sebastian Schneeweiss explore the challenges to interpretation of those signals, as well as ...

649-651

Social-networking sites facilitate communication, but also create new challenges for those who work in clinical settings. Dr. Sachin Jain describes receiving a “friend request” from a former patient on Facebook. Despite certain reservations, he clicked “...

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Although everyone seems to agree that controlling health care costs is no less critical a need than improving access to health care, the evidence suggests that cost control is not being seriously confronted. The pertinent committees in Congress, as well ...

Original Articles
653-663

This study involving women with early-stage breast cancer showed an association between the presence of isolated tumor cells or micrometastases in sentinel or axillary lymph nodes and the 5-year rate of disease-free survival. Women with such findings in these lymph nodes who received systemic adjuvant therapy had an improved outcome.

664-673

Weight lifting has generally been discouraged for women with breast-cancer–related lymphedema because of concern that it might worsen the lymphedema. In this randomized trial involving breast-cancer survivors with lymphedema, women undergoing a 1-year weight-lifting program were no more likely than controls to have increased arm swelling, had greater improvement in the severity of lymphedema symptoms and strength, and had a lower incidence of confirmed exacerbations of lymphedema.

674-679

A novel swine-origin influenza virus infected a large number of persons in Mexico and has subsequently been disseminated around the globe. This report describes an atypical pattern of severe respiratory illness identified in Mexico during March and April 2009, with the predominance of severe illness in young persons.

680-689

This case series describes the first 18 patients hospitalized with infection with novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus (S-OIV) from March 24 through April 24, 2009, in Mexico City. More than half the patients were between 13 and 47 years of age, and most had been healthy previously. Respiratory distress requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation developed in 10 patients; 7 patients died. There were 22 secondary infections among health care workers, none of which required hospitalization.

Clinical Therapeutics
690-697

    A 45-year-old woman presents with severe menorrhagia and dysmenorrhea and is found to have several large uterine fibroids. She does not want to undergo hysterectomy, so she is advised to consider uterine fibroid embolization. Embolization is a nonsurgical intervention that causes infarction of the fibroid. Fertility may be impaired by the procedure, and repeat interventions are necessary in some patients.

    Images in Clinical Medicine
    698
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    A 6-week-old male infant with congenital bilateral hydroceles presented with a reddish, painful, and swollen left scrotum of 2 days' duration. There were no signs of inguinal hernia or fever. A flashlight test revealed transillumination of a right ...

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    A 50-year-old man presented to the emergency department with marked dysphagia, dyspnea, and paroxysmal cough. He had been trying to extract a fish bone that was stuck in his throat.

    Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital
    699-707

      A 36-year-old woman was seen in the multidisciplinary breast cancer clinic of this hospital for management of hormone-receptor–positive breast cancer. She had a 1.4-cm, grade 2 of 3, infiltrating ductal carcinoma that was positive for estrogen-receptor protein and progesterone-receptor protein and negative for human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2, with micrometastases to 1 of 13 axillary lymph nodes detected by immunohistochemical analysis. A management decision was made.

      Editorials
      709-710
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      During the past year, the nation has witnessed a remarkable example of the democratic process at work. A national debate on health care in the United States has captured the country's attention and is the focus of daily coverage in the media.

      The debate ...

      710-711

      In 1996, the Canadian Medical Association Journal featured a cover story entitled “Breast-cancer survivors begin to challenge exercise taboos.”1 This story appeared during an era when lymphedema was reported in up to 62% of women treated for breast cancer,...

      Special Report
      712-717
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      The authors describe the unexpected finding of a cancer risk in ongoing clinical trials of the cholesterol-lowering drug ezetimibe. They discuss the implications of these events for how we address new, unanticipated scientific evidence, especially in the area of drug safety.

      Clinical Implications of Basic Research
      718-719

      Analysis of a mutant mouse shows that two signaling molecules are critical to the induction of ovulation by the luteinizing hormone.

      Correspondence
      720-721

      To the Editor: Will the study by Dixon et al. (May 21 issue)1 change outcomes in clinical practice with respect to the use of dipyridamole plus aspirin for the treatment of hemodialysis graft stenosis? We suspect not. First, the external validity of the ...

      722

      To the Editor: The study by Ikram et al. (April 23 issue)1 was designed to provide information about the risk factors and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary heart disease and stroke. Risk factors and pathophysiological features of ...

      723-724

      To the Editor: Omer et al. (May 7 issue)1 skirt the crucial question: Does a developed, educated democracy such as that in the United States still need compulsory vaccination laws to achieve target compliance rates of 90 to 95%? It was the legislation ...

      724-725

      To the Editor: Kotton et al. (May 14 issue)1 present the case of a 25-year-old man with cardiac arrest. The initial rhythm was ventricular fibrillation. Despite successful resuscitation, brain death was declared and the heart was procured for ...

      725-727

      To the Editor: Leber's congenital amaurosis, a common cause of blindness in infants and children,1 recently became the first human genetic retinal disease to show improved vision in response to treatment. Patients with mutations in the gene encoding ...

      728-729

      To the Editor: The Naval Health Research Center serves as the Navy hub for the Department of Defense's Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (GEIS), in which it monitors influenza-like illness among recruit trainees of all military ...

      Book Reviews
      730

      In The Evolution of Obesity, Michael Power and Jay Schulkin present an excellent and comprehensive explanation for the increased incidence of obesity. The underlying theme of the book is an exploration of the notion that the evolutionary, adaptive origins ...

      730-731

      The drama of chronic disease has many actors, but the single most important one — and far too often, the silent one — is the patient. Chronic illness changes the lives of patients and their families in profound and personal ways. Relationships are ...

      Correction
      731

      AGC1 Deficiency Associated with Global Cerebral Hypomyelination Original Article, N Engl J Med 2009:361;489-495.. In the printed Journal, the title of the article by Wibon et al. (page 489) was incorrect. The title should have read, “AGC1 Deficiency ...