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Inhibition of poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]–ribose) polymerase (PARP), a key enzyme for the repair of breaks in DNA, can lead to the accumulation of breaks in double-stranded DNA. The BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins help to repair such breaks. In this phase 1 trial, the PARP inhibitor olaparib was shown to lack the severe toxic effects of conventional chemotherapy and to result in objective responses in tumors with a BRCA mutation.
Demonstration of a new, effective therapy for human anthrax disease is quite challenging, given the rarity of clinical illness. In this study, a monoclonal antibody against the protective antigen of anthrax toxin was shown to be beneficial in two animal models of anthrax infection; the dose required to achieve similar benefit in humans was determined.
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This retrospective analysis involving a large number of Planned Parenthood centers showed significant declines in the rates of serious infection related to medical abortion after changes in medical abortion procedures, including a shift from vaginal to buccal (or oral) administration of misoprostol and the initiation of additional infection-reduction measures.
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In this case–control study, which used stored blood samples to compare Irish women with a history of pregnancy complicated by neural-tube defect and women with a history of pregnancy without such a complication, there was no significant association between the presence or titer of autoantibodies against the folate receptor and case status. A second case–control study using fresh samples showed similar results. These results fail to confirm a previously reported strong association between maternal folate-receptor autoantibodies and pregnancy affected by a neural-tube defect.
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A 36-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis who was receiving systemic immunotherapy died from disseminated histoplasmosis while participating in a gene-therapy trial of a tumor necrosis factor α antagonist delivered through an adeno-associated viral vector delivery system and administered by intraarticular injection.
A 56-year-old woman presents to her physician, requesting screening for ovarian cancer. She reports the recent death of a friend from ovarian cancer at the age of 65 years. The patient has no family history of ovarian or breast cancer. The physical examination, including pelvic and rectal examination, is normal. Should the physician recommend screening for ovarian cancer?
A 61-year-old woman was admitted to this hospital because of a 2-month history of abdominal pain and weight loss and an elevated serum creatinine level. On admission, physical examination was normal except for mild abdominal tenderness. Abdominal imaging revealed no specific abnormalities. Laboratory testing revealed anemia. The creatinine level initially fell after the administration of intravenous fluids but then rose and remained elevated. On the 8th day, erythema and pain developed in the left eye. A diagnostic procedure was performed.
Two citizens who had been charged but not convicted of crimes in the United Kingdom challenged the government's right to keep their fingerprint and DNA information. The European Court of Human Rights ruled that the United Kingdom's laws governing the collection and retention of DNA profiles and samples by police violate human rights.
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