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Whether functional status before dialysis therapy is maintained after its initiation in elderly patients with end-stage renal disease is unclear. This study assessed functional status in all nursing home residents in the United States who began to undergo dialysis between June 1998 and October 2000. The initiation of dialysis in such residents was associated with a substantial and sustained decline in functional status.
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In patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), an increase in the CD4+ cell count through control of the HIV virus with antiretroviral therapy has emerged as an important surrogate marker of improved health. In two prospective, randomized studies, the addition of interleukin-2 to antiretroviral therapy to increase the CD4+ cell count was not associated with clinical benefit.
This review is a primer on the three main mechanisms of cell death: apoptosis, autophagy-associated cell death, and necrosis. The authors discuss the clinical implications of each of these types of cell death and indicate where advances in our understanding have inspired new forms of therapy.
A 62-year-old woman presented to the urgent care clinic with gingival bleeding after periodontal scaling of her lower right second molar. She had undergone the procedure 5 hours before presentation, and the bleeding had persisted despite the application ...
A 27-year-old man was seen at this hospital because of progressive dyspnea and decreased exercise tolerance during the past 2 years. Imaging studies showed diffuse pulmonary fibrosis. The patient had lighter skin than many in his family, although he reported that several family members had light skin and respiratory problems. He had a history of easy bruising. On examination, his skin was pale, and there was clubbing of the fingers and toes, normal breath sounds, pigmented irises, and horizontal nystagmus. A diagnostic procedure was performed.
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