In this study, adults who were expected to require treatment in the intensive care unit on 3 or more consecutive days were randomly assigned to undergo intensive blood glucose control (target range, 81 to 108 mg per deciliter [4.5 to 6.0 mmol per liter]) or conventional blood glucose control (180 mg per deciliter [10.0 mmol per liter]). The primary end point was death from any cause within 90 days after randomization. Intensive glucose control increased mortality among the patients.

Male circumcision has been shown to reduce the acquisition of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in circumcised men. In two studies in Uganda involving 3393 adolescent boys and men who were seronegative for HIV and for herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), circumcision reduced the acquisition of HSV-2 and the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection but not the acquisition of syphilis.

In this study involving nearly 77,000 men, investigators analyzed the effect of screening with prostate-specific–antigen testing and digital rectal examination on the rate of death from prostate cancer, as compared with usual care. After a follow-up of 7 years, the death rates from prostate cancer did not differ significantly between the two study groups. Data from the 10-year follow-up (which were 67% complete) also showed no significant difference in prostate-cancer mortality.

In this trial, investigators tested the effect of prostate-specific–antigen testing on the death rate from prostate cancer in more than 162,000 men between the ages of 55 and 69 years in seven European countries. A significant reduction in prostate-cancer mortality was found after a median follow-up of 9 years. Overdiagnosis and overtreatment were important limitations of the screening program.