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January 31, 2008  Vol. 358 No. 5

Audio Summary of this Issue

Perspective
445-447
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In a military invasion and ongoing war, the likelihood of obtaining good demographic data plummets. Catherine Brownstein and John Brownstein discuss the accuracy of the data from the Iraq Family Health Survey. Dr. Mohamed Ali discusses violence-related ...

448-451
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Foreword

On January 14, 2008, the Journal hosted a videotaped roundtable discussion of the issues raised by Baze v. Rees, currently before the Supreme Court, that asks whether the three-drug protocol used to carry out the death penalty by lethal injection ...

Original Articles
453-463

In this survey of soldiers who served in Iraq, about 15% reported concussions, also known as mild traumatic brain injuries (injuries resulting in brief loss of consciousness or confusion). Soldiers who had mild traumatic brain injuries were more likely to have post-traumatic stress disorder and physical health problems than were soldiers with other injuries.

464-474

Endovascular repair is a less invasive strategy than open repair for the management of abdominal aortic aneurysm. This observational study in a large Medicare population shows that perioperative survival is superior with endovascular repair but that the survival advantage gradually wanes over 3 years. The survival advantage is more durable in older patients.

475-483
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This study documented an increased risk of cardiovascular events among viewers of highly competitive soccer matches during the 2006 World Cup finals in Germany. These data further establish the risk of cardiovascular events during stressful situations.

Special Article
484-493
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In this national household survey, violence-related mortality in Iraq since the 2003 invasion was estimated to be 151,000 (95% confidence interval, 104,000 to 223,000). Although this estimate is lower than that in another recent report, it still indicates a massive death toll from violence in this war-torn country.

Clinical Therapeutics
494-501
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A 72-year-old man is found to have an abdominal aortic aneurysm that is 5.7 cm in diameter, and endovascular repair is considered. The use of an abdominal aortic stent–graft for repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm is associated with lower early mortality than open surgical repair but also with a higher risk of subsequent need for reintervention and with a less certain long-term outcome.

Review Article
502-511

This review — the first in a series concerning the biology of cancer — is a comprehensive survey of oncogenes, tumor-suppressor genes, and microRNA genes in cancer cells. Work on the recently discovered microRNA genes in malignant cells has revealed new complexities in the regulation of oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes and new opportunities for the treatment of cancer.

Images in Clinical Medicine
512
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A 21-year-old healthy man presented to the emergency department with mouth pain and bleeding, after being struck with a gun on his right lower jaw. Physical examination revealed upward displacement of the left half of his mandible with malocclusion on ...

e5
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This 46-year-old man presented with a hard subcutaneous mass in the forehead. The lesion had developed rapidly after a head trauma 24 years before and subsequently hardened.

Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital
513-523

A 33-year-old pregnant woman was admitted to the hospital at 30.7 weeks' gestation because of swelling of the left breast, shortness of breath, and tachycardia. The swelling of the left breast had developed at 26.1 weeks' gestation and did not improve with antibiotic treatment. Ultrasonography and mammography showed enlargement of the left breast with increased density and no masses. A biopsy was performed. Shortness of breath developed, and the patient was admitted to the hospital. Computed tomography of the chest disclosed a large mediastinal mass.

Editorials
525-527

The study by Hoge and colleagues in this issue of the Journal provides an important profile of the sequelae of mild traumatic brain injury in military personnel after combat.1 The findings demonstrate that mild traumatic brain injury results in increased ...

527
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Over the past decade, insights into the origins and behavior of human cancers have reshaped our understanding of these diseases and have generated advances in clinical care. The seminal feature of this research is the focus on human cancers. By using ...

Clinical Implications of Basic Research
528-530

Experiments on genetically engineered mice indicate that perimucosal tumor necrosis factor α influences the development of microflora associated with inflammatory bowel disease.

Correspondence
531-532

To the Editor: Victor et al. (Oct. 25 issue)1 report on their study of hepatitis A vaccine as compared with immune globulin for postexposure prophylaxis. I applaud the recommendation for the postexposure use of hepatitis A vaccine to provide long-term ...

532-533

To the Editor: Mangione-Smith et al. (Oct. 11 issue)1 report that children receive only 46.5% of recommended health care. Is our goal 100% adherence to these recommendations? What are barriers to improvement?

Hayward commented, regarding performance-...

533-534
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To the Editor: In the Clinical Practice article on hair loss in women by Shapiro (Oct. 18 issue),1 the assertion that “the yield of testing [for hormonal causes of female-pattern hair loss] is expected to be low in the absence of other features ...

534-535

To the Editor: Among Lane's recommendations for the case described in the Clinical Practice article on osteoarthritis of the hip (Oct. 4 issue)1 is a referral to a physical therapist. Although evidenced-based recommendations for exercise in patients with ...

535-536

To the Editor: The AIDS Malignancy Consortium, a multicenter cooperative group funded by the National Cancer Institute, has enrolled 442 patients who have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and measurable Kaposi's sarcoma in a series of ...

536-537

The authors report on a case of fever of unknown origin in which 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron-emission tomography (PET) was instrumental in depicting cartilage inflammation, which eventually led to a histologically confirmed diagnosis of ...

Book Reviews
538-539

“We were never born to read.” So begins Maryanne Wolf's enjoyable account of the neuroscience of reading. This key insight, that our brains evolved for aural–oral language but not for extracting meaning from print, sets the stage for a journey through the ...

539-540

This well-written book is a thoughtful examination of shyness and its relation to psychopathology. It reminds me of earlier books in this area, including Richard McNally's Panic Disorder: A Critical Analysis (New York: Guilford Press, 1994) and Isaac ...

540-541

It is typical for most pediatric or genetic textbooks to present very general information, focusing on brevity to cover a wide variety of topics. What is unusual about Neurogenetic Developmental Disorders is the focus on only some of the many common ...