A previous report showed that the use of caffeine to treat apnea of prematurity reduces the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, but whether it has long-term effects on neurodevelopment and growth is unknown. In this placebo-controlled, randomized trial, treatment with caffeine significantly improved the rate of survival without neurodevelopmental disability at 18 to 21 months.

In this study, humoral immunity after vaccination or natural infection was assessed for several common pathogens. Antibodies against varicella–zoster virus, measles, and mumps were long-lived (estimated half-lives, ≥50 years), and antibodies against tetanus and diphtheria were short-lived (estimated half-lives, 11 and 19 years, respectively). Antibody titers were poorly correlated with peripheral-blood memory B cells.

This large trial showed that chemotherapy plus involved-field radiotherapy was superior to subtotal nodal radiotherapy alone in patients with localized stage supradiaphragmatic Hodgkin's disease and risk factors for a good outcome. In patients with early-stage Hodgkin's disease and risk factors for a poor outcome, limited chemotherapy was as effective as a more aggressive course.

Children who survive surgical repair of congenital heart defects often have abnormal neurodevelopment. In this comparison of 41 term newborns with congenital heart disease and 16 controls, abnormalities in brain maturation were present before cardiac surgery.