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July 5, 2007  Vol. 357 No. 1

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Perspective
1-3
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For several weeks this spring, national attention was focused on a mother's struggle to prevent the Children's Hospital of Austin from withdrawing life support from her infant son, Emilio Gonzales. The Gonzales case is the most recent in a series of ...

3-5

Dr. Ranjana Srivastava writes that as we celebrate ever more spectacular advances in medicine, we almost will ourselves to forget the plethora of diseases that are fated to be chronic, incurable, and, on occasion, terminal. Dr. Srivastava discusses caring ...

5-7

Teleradiology has become an essential part of the practice of radiology. Dr. Robert Steinbrook discusses the prevalence and purposes of teleradiology.

Original Articles
9-17

It has been suggested that the use of preimplantation genetic screening of cleavage-stage embryos for aneuploidies may improve pregnancy rates in women of advanced maternal age undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). In this multicenter, double-blind, randomized trial, women 35 through 41 years of age assigned to preimplantation genetic screening had lower rates of ongoing pregnancies and live births than those undergoing IVF alone. These results argue against the routine use of preimplantation genetic screening as an adjunct to IVF in women of advanced maternal age.

18-27

Long flights are associated with passenger discomfort. This study, conducted in an altitude chamber equipped to resemble a commercial-aircraft cabin, examined symptoms and oxygen saturation during a 20-hour simulated flight. The frequency of reported discomfort increased with increasing altitude; there was also a drop in arterial oxygen saturation of 4.4 percentage points at a simulated altitude of 8000 ft. There was less discomfort at simulated altitudes of 6000 ft or less.

28-38

Meta-analyses suggest that the thiazolidinedione rosiglitazone, used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, may increase the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes. This interim analysis of an ongoing noninferiority trial of rosiglitazone is inconclusive but does not exclude cardiotoxicity. Because patients with diabetes are already at high risk for cardiovascular disease, it is important that any potential cardiotoxicity of rosiglitazone be reported.

Review Article
39-51

Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) in breast cancer is associated with decreased overall survival. Trastuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets HER2, is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for patients with invasive breast cancers that overexpress HER2. This review considers the mechanism of action and the use of this agent.

Images in Clinical Medicine
52
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A 56-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus complicated by retinopathy and mild nephropathy and managed with glyburide (glibenclamide) and metformin reported having abdominal pain and fever for the past 48 hours. On admission she was short of breath, ...

e1
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This 23-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with a painful, erythematous, blistering rash on sun-exposed skin. At the beach, she had prepared cocktails of rum and limes. A burning erythema developed and later blistered.

Clinical Problem-Solving
53-59

    A 35-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with a 2-day history of progressive swelling and pain in her left leg, without antecedent trauma. Her pain worsened acutely during the morning before her arrival. She felt warm but reported no fever or chills. She also reported mild dyspnea during the previous day, with no associated chest discomfort or significant immobility.

    Editorials
    61-63

    Preimplantation genetic diagnosis, first described in 1990,1 involves removing one or two cells from an embryo for genetic testing in order to prevent transmission of genetic disorders from a parent who is known to carry a genetic abnormality. Genetic ...

    63-64
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    On May 21, 2007, the Journal published a meta-analysis by Nissen and Wolski1 that indicated an increased cardiovascular risk associated with rosiglitazone (Avandia), a thiazolidinedione used to treat type 2 diabetes. We published this analysis because it ...

    64-66

    The recently published meta-analysis by Nissen and Wolski,1 which suggested a significant increase in the risk of myocardial infarction associated with treatment with rosiglitazone (Avandia) and an increase of similar magnitude, albeit nonsignificant, in ...

    67-69

    In this issue of the Journal, 1 Home and colleagues report interim results from the Rosiglitazone Evaluated for Cardiac Outcomes and Regulation of Glycaemia in Diabetes, or RECORD, study (NCT00379769). The RECORD study is a 6-year, open-label, ...

    Health Policy Report
    70-76

    Congress has increased its efforts to develop strategies to make health insurance more affordable and accessible. Both political parties agree that their initial efforts should focus on children. This report reviews the history of the State Children's Health Insurance Program and looks at Congressional proposals to expand it to reduce the number of children without health insurance.

    Clinical Implications of Basic Research
    77-78

    The resistance of leukemic blast cells to asparaginase may depend on their biochemical niche in the bone marrow.

    Correspondence
    83-85

    To the Editor: Fenton et al. (April 5 issue)1 discuss the accuracy of interpretation of screening mammography with and without the use of computer-aided detection (CAD). However, we believe that such a comparison may be unreliable, given the uncertainty ...

    85-88

    To the Editor: Kostis et al. (March 15 issue),1 who report that mortality among patients admitted for acute myocardial infarction is higher on weekends than on weekdays, provide strong evidence that this finding may be due to a lack of invasive cardiac ...

    88-90

    To the Editor: In their article about the varicella–zoster virus (VZV) vaccine for the prevention of herpes zoster, Kimberlin and Whitley (March 29 issue)1 mention that the frequency and type of serious adverse events were similar for the vaccinees and ...

    90-91

    To the Editor: Koziel and Peters (April 5 issue)1 suggest a list of tests for viral hepatitis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. There was, however, no mention of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection in association with ...

    91-93

    To the Editor: In his review of intermittent claudication, White (March 22 issue)1 emphasizes that patients with this condition are at high risk for cardiovascular events, but he does not emphasize the role of statins in this population. There is good ...

    93-94
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    To the Editor: Before iron was used as an adjunct to erythropoietic stimulatory therapy in patients undergoing hemodialysis, parenteral iron was considered to be dangerous. High-molecular-weight iron dextran (Imferon [Fisons], which is no longer ...

    94-95

    To the Editor: Trastuzumab-mediated cardiotoxicity was originally described in women with metastatic breast cancer. The incidence rates were 13% when the antibody was administered in combination with paclitaxel and 27% when it was administered with an ...

    Book Reviews
    96-97

    When I first saw the title of this book, my immediate thoughts were of the timeliness of a resource that can easily relate the growing body of knowledge about women and vascular disease. When I opened to the table of contents, I realized that my ...

    97-98

    This is a comprehensive, well-written, beautifully illustrated book about the disruption of atherosclerotic plaque. Plaque disruption is responsible for more than 75% of acute cardiac events, including myocardial infarction and sudden death. Heart disease ...

    98-99

    Few topics in medicine are as controversial as the metabolic syndrome. Criticism of the term “syndrome,” the lack of standardized methodology in the construction of diagnostic criteria proposed by different organizations, the debate about the role of ...

    99-100

    The many therapeutic options for patients with heart failure make it essential for physicians to understand the intricacies of both the medical and surgical aspects of these choices. Heart Failure is an attempt at the difficult feat of making these ...

    Correction
    100

    Effect of Rosiglitazone on the Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Death from Cardiovascular Causes Original Article, N Engl J Med 2007:356;2457-2471.. The fifth and sixth sentences of the first paragraph of the Methods section (page 2458) should have read “...

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