In this multicenter, randomized trial of preterm newborns with a birth weight of 1250 g or less who required ventilatory support, the initiation of inhaled nitric oxide between days 7 and 21 of life significantly reduced the risk of death or chronic lung disease and the duration of both hospitalization and supplemental oxygen therapy. Using a regimen of inhaled nitric oxide therapy different from that in the companion report by Kinsella et al., this group also found inhaled nitric oxide to be beneficial in preterm infants with respiratory failure.

In this multicenter, randomized trial of preterm newborns with a birth weight from 500 to 1250 g and with respiratory failure, low-dose inhaled nitric oxide did not significantly reduce death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia overall but reduced this risk in infants with a birth weight of 1000 g or more and reduced the risk of brain injury in the cohort overall. These results support the potential benefits of low-dose inhaled nitric oxide in preterm infants with respiratory failure.

In this randomized trial of addiction treatment in the primary care setting for patients with opioid dependence, brief counseling with once-weekly dispensing of buprenorphine–naloxone did not result in different outcomes than extended counseling and thrice-weekly medication dispensing.