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April 27, 2006  Vol. 354 No. 17

Audio Summary of this Issue

Perspective
1769-1771

The magnitude 7.6 earthquake that struck northern Pakistan and India on October 8, was the world's third-deadliest natural disaster of the past 25 years. Today only 66 percent of the “flash appeal” issued by the United Nations has been funded. Drs. ...

1771-1773

Drs. Claire Panosian and Thomas Coates write that long-term benefits can accrue from trainees' spending even a few weeks overseas — and not just broadened clinical and cultural competence.

Original Articles
1775-1786

The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized in part by diffuse infiltrates on chest radiographs. These investigators analyzed CT scans of the lung in patients with ARDS to ascertain the fraction of lung that was not aerated and the fraction of lung that could be recruited into an aerated state. Patients with higher percentages of potentially recruitable lung had poorer outcomes than those with lower percentages.

1787-1795

This study, designed to determine whether impaired gastric acid secretion leads to an increased need for thyroxine in patients with euthyroid multinodular goiter, shows that the daily requirement of thyroxine was 22 to 34 percent higher in patients with H. pylori–related gastritis, atrophic gastritis, or both than in patients in the reference group. These data suggest that normal gastric acid secretion is necessary for effective absorption of oral thyroxine.

1796-1806
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In this multicenter, randomized trial, supplementation with vitamins C and E during pregnancy did not reduce the risks of preeclampsia in nulliparous women, intrauterine growth restriction, or a composite end point of death or other serious outcomes in the infants. These data, therefore, fail to support the idea that such supplementation is beneficial.

1807-1812

Adefovir is an effective treatment for chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV), and studies suggest that resistance develops less often during treatment with adefovir than with lamivudine. This report documents primary resistance to adefovir in three patients. Each patient had a rare variant of HBV with a mutation in the reverse-transcriptase domain (rtI233V). Naturally occurring HBV variants may explain the failure to respond to adefovir in some cases.

Review Article
1813-1826

Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation, which is used to treat both malignant and nonmalignant conditions, was first conceived more than 50 years ago, but problems associated with transplanting a nonsolid organ and modulating the immune response had to be solved before the procedure could be used clinically. This review summarizes background information about hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation and discusses the current role of the procedure.

Videos in Clinical Medicine
e16

    This video demonstrates nasogastric tube insertion and considers indications, contraindications, and potential complications.

    Images in Clinical Medicine
    1827
    • Free Full Text

    A 63-year-old man presented with a sudden enlargement of his neck. During the previous 10 years, his neck had grown progressively larger until he was no longer able to button up his shirts or wear a necktie. A previous diagnosis of cystic hygroma had been ...

    e17
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    This healthy 7-year-old girl had a two-week history of a tender lymph node. No other nodes were enlarged.

    Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital
    1828-1837

      A 50-year-old man was referred because of a painful lytic bone lesion of the right ulna and multiple hepatic masses that had been identified on computed tomography. Biopsy of the bone lesion disclosed adenocarcinoma. Fanconi's anemia had been diagnosed 10 years earlier, and squamous-cell carcinoma of the esophagus 4 years earlier. A diagnostic procedure was performed.

      Editorials
      1839-1841

      The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by inflammatory lung injury with alveolar flooding and abnormalities in surfactant function. ARDS (a subcategory of acute lung injury) is associated with the collapse of peripheral lung units,...

      1841-1843

      Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific, multisystem disorder that can have considerable adverse effects on the mother and the fetus. In developing countries, preeclampsia is a major cause of death among pregnant women.1 In the United States, 15 percent of ...

      Clinical Implications of Basic Research
      1844-1845

      Stem cells from bone marrow are induced to differentiate into muscle cells. The differentiated cells contribute to muscle regeneration in rodents.

      Correspondence
      1846-1848

      To the Editor: Honer et al. (Feb. 2 issue)1 showed that clozapine augmented with risperidone is unlikely to yield a moderate-to-large effect in patients with refractory schizophrenia. They conclude that there is no support for antipsychotic polypharmacy, ...

      1848-1851

      To the Editor: We question the selection by Elkins et al.1 and Donaldson et al.2 (Jan. 19 issue) of 7 percent hypertonic saline, which can result in bronchoconstriction, in these studies of therapy for cystic fibrosis. Elkins et al. report a fall of 94 ...

      1851

      To the Editor: Freedman et al. (Jan. 12 issue)1 has called attention to hazards for travelers. As the authors state, the study does not reflect the full epidemiology of travelers' diseases. There is a great danger that patients and practitioners who ...

      1851-1853

      To the Editor: The real shocker in the report by Papadakis et al. (Dec. 22 issue)1 regarding disciplinary action by medical boards is the enormous prevalence of unprofessional behavior among medical students in the control group (nearly 20 percent). If ...

      1853-1855

      To the Editor: The article by Barrett and Parfrey (Jan. 26 issue)1 raises two clinically relevant points regarding the use of metformin in patients at risk for contrast-medium–induced nephropathy. First, the patient described in the vignette should not ...

      1856-1857

      To the Editor: The use of aminoglycosides as powerful broad-spectrum, bactericidal, and nonallergenic antibiotics is limited by serious side effects, including irreversible hearing loss. Nevertheless, the drugs are commonly prescribed in some situations, ...

      1857-1858

      To the Editor: Previous reports have described an association between hydropic placentas and the occurrence of preeclampsia.1,2 One proposed explanation is that an enlarged placenta may cause a systemic inflammatory response by shedding an increased ...

      Book Reviews
      1859-1861

      More than 40 years have passed since Wilbur Mills, a fiscally conservative Arkansas Democrat and chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee, and Wilbur Cohen, health and Social Security adviser for Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson, ...

      1861

      Without reform, the U.S. health care system will hit the proverbial brick wall in the not-too-distant future. Health care costs and insurance premiums are rapidly increasing, making both insured and uninsured consumers worse off. After not wanting to ...

      1861-1863

      What would the state of your health be if you had to live on less than $1 a day? Théodore MacDonald does not ask this question directly, yet it haunts his book, which documents how 1.9 billion people deal with the issue daily.

      MacDonald's well-written ...

      Correction
      1863

      Entecavir versus Lamivudine for Patients with HBeAg-Negative Chronic Hepatitis B Original Article, N Engl J Med 2006:354;1011-1020.. On page 1017, the data plots in Figure 1B are incorrectly placed. A revised figure is shown here. The figure has also been ...

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