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July 7, 2005 Vol. 353 No. 1
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Premature infants with severe respiratory failure may be treated with inhaled nitric oxide, a controversial treatment that may reduce mortality or prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia. In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in neonates with respiratory failure after treatment with surfactant there was no difference in the rates of death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
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The authors previously reported the results of a single-center, randomized trial of inhaled nitric oxide in premature infants, showing reduced risks of death or chronic lung disease and of severe intraventricular hemorrhage or periventricular leukomalacia. Long-term follow-up revealed that children given nitric oxide had improved neurodevelopmental outcomes at two years of age.
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The major risks in essential thrombocythemia are thrombosis and hemorrhage. In this large, randomized trial, the patients given anagrelide plus aspirin had higher rates of arterial thrombosis and serious hemorrhage, whereas the hydroxyurea group had a higher rate of venous thromboembolism. The rate of transformation to myelofibrosis was higher in the anagrelide group.
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An increasing number of options are available for women who wish to preserve their fertility, particularly before cancer treatment: oophorectomy with cryopreservation, embryo cryopreservation, and aspiration of oocytes for cryopreservation immediately or after ovarian hyperstimulation. This article also describes the natural process of oocyte loss and methods of testing for decreased ovarian reserve.
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