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February 24, 2005  Vol. 352 No. 8

Perspective
747-750

Though the number of people in Africa with access to effective combination antiretroviral regimens exceeds 100,000 today, it is still a far cry from the 8 million who are thought to require such therapy. Mark Wainberg describes the use of generic HIV ...

750-752

Given that the baby boomers will soon add 75 million people to the already vast elderly population in the United States, Dr. Leslie Libow writes that it would be self-destructive for our society not to nurture the growth of geriatrics.

753-755

Approximately three quarters of children have been infected with HHV-6 by two years of age. Dr. Charles Prober writes that a substantial proportion of the population is shedding one or more of these infectious agents, maintaining the chain of transmission ...

756

It is the rare book in social medicine that does not cite Susan Sontag's opening sentence in Illness as Metaphor: “Illness is the night-side of life, a more onerous citizenship.”1 The recent death of this literary scholar, novelist, and cultural critic ...

Original Articles
757-767

In Beira, Mozambique, a mass-immunization program was undertaken in 2003 and 2004 with two doses of an orally administered recombinant cholera toxin-B subunit, killed whole-cell vaccine. During an outbreak of cholera in 2004, a study of 43 case subjects with cholera and 172 matched controls showed that vaccination was associated with 78 percent protection against cholera.

768-776

In this study of serial saliva specimens from 277 children, 40 percent were infected with human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) by 12 months of age and 77 percent were infected by 2 years of age. Nearly all primary infections were symptomatic, with almost 40 percent leading to clinic visits for symptoms such as fever, fussiness, and diarrhea.

777-785

In this randomized trial, treatment of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage with recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) within four hours after the onset of bleeding reduced the growth of the hematoma and the rates of disability and mortality (90-day mortality was 18 percent with rFVIIa and 29 percent with placebo). Serious thromboembolic adverse events were more common among patients treated with rFVIIa than among those who received placebo.

786-792

A non–small-cell lung cancer that was highly responsive to gefitinib contained a mutation in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene that increases susceptibility of the tumor to gefitinib. After two years of remission, the disease relapsed. A second biopsy of the tumor revealed a new mutation in the gene that negated the effects of gefitinib.

Clinical Practice
793-803
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A 47-year-old white woman reports facial redness and flushing. Her eyes are itchy and irritated. She thinks she may have rosacea and is worried that she will have a “whiskey nose.” On examination, multiple erythematous papules, pustules, and telangiectasias are observed on a background of erythema of the central portion of her face. How should her case be managed?

Review Article
804-815

    Our concept of the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia has undergone remarkable changes during the past decade. This review addresses the latest ideas concerning the origin of this common form of leukemia and discusses how molecular investigations are beginning to change the management of the disease.

    Images in Clinical Medicine
    816
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    An 81-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of a six-month history of intermittent dysphagia, regurgitation, and vomiting during meals. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed an abnormal appearance of the esophageal peristalsis; it ...

    e7
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    An 86-year-old woman had a history of cirrhosis and esophageal variceal bleeding. She presented with hematemesis, and a Sengstaken–Blakemore tube was placed. Subsequently, the patient had pain in the left chest.

    Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital
    817-825

    A 58-year-old man with esophageal cancer had nausea, spontaneous vomiting, and intractable hiccups. The discussants review the role of palliative care in the management of distressing symptoms in patients with cancer, emphasizing the importance of the differential diagnosis in identifying the cause and selecting appropriate treatment for each symptom.

    Editorials
    827

    The world is now all too familiar with images of the destruction caused by the tsunami that struck Southeast Asia on December 26 of last year. In a natural disaster, there are three stages of injury: injury or death when the disaster strikes, survival of ...

    828-830

    Beyond aggressive supportive care, clinicians have not had specific treatments to offer patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. The article by Mayer et al.1 in this issue of the Journal offers new hope for targeted therapy for this frequent cause of ...

    830-832

    Non–small-cell lung cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer in men and women in the United States, and worldwide it kills more than 1 million people annually. Approximately two thirds of patients with non–small-cell lung cancer present with ...

    Correspondence
    833-834

    To the Editor: We applaud the effort by Ruggenenti et al. (Nov. 4 issue)1 to address the issue of primary prevention of microalbuminuria (as a surrogate for early stages of kidney involvement) in patients with hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and ...

    835-836

    To the Editor: Barnett et al. (Nov. 4 issue)1 compared telmisartan and enalapril in type 2 diabetic nephropathy, without reporting or adjusting for certain major risk factors associated with diabetic nephropathy: glycemic control and hyperlipidemia. They ...

    837-838

    To the Editor: Oguma et al. (Oct. 21 issue)1 clearly demonstrate the significant association between functional genetic variants of the prostanoid DP receptor gene (PTGDR) and susceptibility to asthma. Although the authors report that there was no ...

    838-839

    To the Editor: Investigators, academic institutions, specialty societies, pharmaceutical companies, and medical-device manufacturers are listed in Campion's editorial (Dec. 2 issue)1 as benefiting from media exposure — to these should be added medical ...

    839
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    To the Editor: In an otherwise superbly informative article, Ferriero (Nov. 4 issue)1 failed to include medication-induced causes of neonatal seizures in Table 2, which shows the differential diagnosis of neonatal seizures according to the day of ...

    840-841
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    To the Editor: Kyle and Rajkumar state in their review article (Oct. 28 issue)1 that use of bisphosphonates for the prevention of skeletal-related events and the treatment of hypercalcemia in patients with multiple myeloma may be complicated by ...

    841-843
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    To the Editor: The description accompanying the Images in Clinical Medicine by Shen and Hirschtick (Nov. 4 issue)1 contains two errors that I believe are errors in the understanding of plumbism, rather than purely typographical errors. First, there are ...

    843

    To the Editor: Gefitinib is an orally active inhibitor of tyrosine kinase epidermal growth factor,1 with clinical effectiveness in the control of non–small-cell lung cancer. We describe 3 patients with possible treatment-related acute promyelocytic ...

    Book Reviews
    844-845

    Obstetrics and Gynecology: A History and Iconography is the third revised edition of Iconographia Gyniatrica, a comprehensive attempt to tell the history of obstetrics and gynecology through pictures. With more than 1000 illustrations on female anatomy, ...

    845-846

    This is a well-researched book about an important topic that is underrepresented in the history of science: the transformation, mainly during the 17th century, of the widespread belief that the heart is the primary locus of personhood to the belief that, ...

    846
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    Since the discovery of microorganisms several hundred years ago, our study of the microbial world has largely concentrated on characterization of planktonic (free-living) organisms. Adherence to Koch's postulates and the use of standard microbiologic ...

    847

    This is a very clearly written book with many illustrations, graphs, case vignettes, and succinct definitions. The authors have constructed an effective didactic tool that would serve well as the first reading material for anyone seeking information on ...