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January 20, 2005  Vol. 352 No. 3

Perspective
219-222

Thus far, during the war in Iraq, the Army has awarded more than 5000 Purple Hearts for injuries sustained in combat. Dr. James Peake writes about the continuity of care for the wounded.

222-224

    The results of the Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial show that there are likely to be expanded clinical indications for the use of an implantable cardioverter–defibrillator. Drs. Mark McClellan and Sean Tunis state that the Center for Medicare ...

    Original Articles
    225-237

    This placebo-controlled study compared the effect of amiodarone and an implantable cardioverter–defibrillator (ICD) on mortality in patients with New York Heart Association class II or III congestive heart failure (CHF). Amiodarone had no benefit overall and slightly increased mortality among patients with class III CHF. ICD therapy reduced mortality overall, but the benefit appeared to be restricted to patients with class II CHF. These important results will broaden the use of ICD therapy.

    238-244

    In this randomized trial in patients who had ulcer bleeding while taking aspirin for prevention of vascular disease, clopidogrel was associated with a much higher rate of recurrent bleeding than the combination of aspirin and a proton-pump inhibitor (8.6 percent vs. 0.7 percent).

    245-253
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    The adverse effects of excess alcohol intake on cognitive function are well established, but the effect of moderate alcohol consumption is uncertain. This study assessed cognitive function in relation to alcohol intake among women in the Nurses' Health Study who were 70 to 81 years of age and then reassessed it two years later.

    254-266

    This study of bone marrow specimens from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) found that nucleophosmin (NPM), a nuclear protein, was displaced into the cytoplasm in about 60 percent of patients with a normal karyotype. These patients had a mutated NPM gene. Their disease may constitute a distinct subtype of AML.

    Special Article
    267-272

    Dr. William H. Frist is the majority leader of the U.S. Senate and a cardiac-transplantation surgeon. He is the fifth cardiac surgeon and the first U.S. senator to deliver the Shattuck Lecture, the 114th in this series. Dr. Frist outlines his vision for the U.S. health care system in the year 2015.

    Images in Clinical Medicine
    273
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    A male infant was born at 38 weeks with a weight of 3430 g. At seven months of age his weight was 8450 g, and his blood pressure was 114/52 mm Hg. What is the diagnosis?

    Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital
    274-283

    A 39-year-old woman who had recently emigrated from Greece had multiple episodes of headache, neck pain, photophobia, and fever over a three-month period. The cerebrospinal fluid contained predominantly lymphocytes and monocytes. The results of a tuberculin skin test and antibody titers for brucella were positive. All cultures and viral tests were negative. Peripheral-blood monocytosis with rare immature myeloid cells developed. The differential diagnosis and management are discussed.

    Editorials
    285-287

    Most patients who have an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest do not survive. Thus, the use of a prophylactic implantable cardioverter–defibrillator (ICD) for the primary prevention of sudden death is a conceptually attractive option for high-risk patients. ...

    287-289

    In the treatment of cardiovascular disease, clinicians commonly are caught between the competing considerations of cardiovascular benefit and gastrointestinal risks. Low-dose aspirin (325 mg or less daily) lowers the risk of cardiovascular and ...

    289-290

      Loss of cognitive function in old age, especially severe cognitive loss due to Alzheimer's disease, is a serious public health problem that will only increase as the number of people in the oldest age groups increases in the United States and other ...

      291-292

        Nucleophosmin (NPM) is a multifunctional phosphoprotein to which both tumor-suppressor and oncogenic functions have been attributed. Chromosomal translocations involving the NPM1 gene occur not infrequently in myeloid and lymphoid cancers. The NPM1 gene ...

        Sounding Board
        293-297

          In 1992, the passage of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Prescription Drug User Fee Act and, in 1997, the FDA Modernization Act resulted in an 85 percent increase in the number of employees at the FDA and in more efficient processes for the approval of drugs. In this article, the author identifies the remaining challenges facing the FDA. She contends that the FDA should improve its post-marketing surveillance, facilitate communication of information about the risks of drugs and devices, and contribute to efforts to control the cost of drugs.

          Clinical Implications of Basic Research
          298-300

          A recent study performed with the use of a nonhuman primate model of sexual transmission suggests that it may be possible for topical microbicides to halt the transmission of HIV-1.

          Correspondence
          301-304

          To the Editor: Ray and colleagues (Sept. 9 issue)1 seem to have overlooked several important issues when describing the association of erythromycin with the risk of sudden death from cardiac causes. First, was there a higher risk associated with any ...

          304-306

          To the Editor: Ahlgren et al. (Oct. 14 issue)1 report the importance of both birth weight and childhood growth on the risk of breast cancer. Although the authors do not provide information about early growth (from the postnatal period to the age of eight ...

          306-307

          To the Editor: Clementi et al. (Sept. 30 issue)1 describe the occurrence of autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) and lymphoma in a patient carrying both a heterozygous Fas mutation and a heterozygous mutation in the perforin gene (Prf1). It is ...

          307

          To the Editor: In your editorial (Oct. 21 issue),1 you correctly state that if U.S. biomedical researchers are sidelined in pursuing stem-cell research, “our children and grandchildren may need to leave the United States to benefit from treatments other ...

          307-308

          To the Editor: Aurigemma and Gaasch (Sept. 9 issue)1 do not mention diabetes mellitus as a frequent cause of diastolic heart failure. In the Strong Heart Study,2 the investigators reported an extremely high prevalence (80 percent) of left ventricular ...

          308-309

          To the Editor: In their review of treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension, Humbert et al. (Sept. 30 issue)1 discuss therapeutic strategies with the use of prostacyclin and endothelin-receptor antagonists. Potential future therapies focus on other ...

          309

          To the Editor: With reference to the recent Case Record (Sept. 16 issue)1 about a 75-year-old woman with acute onset of chest pain followed by fever, I would question the decision to initiate empirical levofloxacin treatment after specimens had been ...

          310-311

          To the Editor: Adefovir dipivoxil is an oral prodrug of adefovir, an analogue of AMP. Adefovir has recently been used for treatment of chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV), resulting in an improvement in liver histology and a reduction in serum ...

          Book Review
          312-314

          A military physician at Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq is asked to treat wounds caused by prisoner abuse; a soldier is ordered by a military physician to receive an investigational vaccine; a military physician is ordered to treat wounded soldiers who can ...