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March 24, 2005  Vol. 352 No. 12

Perspective
1171-1173

According to the American Hospital Association, hospitals spent about $25 billion on uncompensated care last year. Given the increasing numbers of uninsured and underinsured Americans, one might expect a parallel increase in the level of spending on ...

1173-1176

Dr. Susan Okie reports on how drug-policy experts, lawmakers, consumer advocates, and federal officials are all calling for better ways of monitoring drug safety. The urgency of this effort is clear: more Americans are taking prescription medications than ...

1176-1178

Herbal medicine is big — and relatively mainstream — business in Europe. In 2003, European countries spent almost $5 billion on over-the-counter herbal medicines. Peter De Smet describes how recent directives are relaxing regulatory standards.

Original Articles
1179-1189

To establish reperfusion within the infarct-related coronary artery, acute myocardial infarction is often treated with a combination of fibrinolytic agents, heparin, and aspirin. Despite this therapy, reperfusion is unsuccessful in some patients and reocclusion occurs in others. The addition of the antiplatelet agent clopidogrel to the regimen substantially improved the rate of reperfusion without a significant increase in bleeding complications. The results of this study should prompt rethinking of the protocol for reperfusion therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

1190-1196
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In a large study that made use of national registers in Denmark, the authors show that the relative risk of a first hospitalization for psychiatric illness was significantly higher among parents who lost a child than among those who did not and was higher among bereaved mothers than among bereaved fathers.

1197-1205

This large trial of the treatment of localized aggressive lymphoma in patients under the age of 60 years compared intensive chemotherapy with chemotherapy plus involved-field radiotherapy. Superior overall and disease-free survival rates were obtained with intensive chemotherapy alone.

1206-1214
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The risk of sudden death from cardiac causes is highest between the hours of 6 a.m. and noon and is lowest from midnight to 6 a.m. This study found that in patients with obstructive sleep apnea, this pattern is altered — the risk of sudden death from cardiac causes was much higher from midnight to 6 a.m. than during the other hours of the day. The increase in risk may be due to a higher incidence of episodes of apnea and hypopnea during these hours.

Clinical Practice
1215-1222

    Six weeks ago, a 45-year-old woman noticed a scratchy feeling in her throat that has now progressed to more than 20 episodes of severe, spasmodic coughing per day. Her coughing spells are worse at night and are sometimes associated with gagging and vomiting. Her adolescent son and several of his friends had similar illnesses several weeks before the onset of her symptoms, and they continue to cough. How should the patient be assessed for possible pertussis? Should she be treated and, if so, how? Could this illness have been prevented?

    Review Article
    1223-1236

    The polycystic ovary syndrome is one of the most common hormonal disorders affecting women. It has multiple components — reproductive, metabolic, and cardiovascular — with health implications for the patient's entire life span. This review addresses current concepts regarding the diagnosis, cause, and treatment of the condition.

    Images in Clinical Medicine
    1237
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    A 26-year-old healthy Greek woman was evaluated because of new-onset painless hematuria. The physical examination was unremarkable. Laboratory data were notable for a hemoglobin concentration of 7.6 g per deciliter and a serum creatinine level of 0.7 mg ...

    e12
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    A 49-year-old man with a history of paraplegia was admitted to the intensive care unit because of abdominal pain and hyperkalemia (serum potassium, 7 mmol per liter).

    Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital
    1238-1246

    A 67-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with acute respiratory failure. He had never smoked, had not traveled, but had recently been exposed to bird droppings. Cultures and serologic test results were negative. With antibiotic therapy and respiratory support, his symptoms rapidly improved over 48 hours. Three days after discharge, his symptoms returned shortly after using his hot tub, and again abated rapidly after admission to his local hospital.

    Editorials
    1248-1250

    In patients who have myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation, rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque leads to platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregation, with subsequent vessel occlusion due to thrombus formation. In these circumstances, the ...

    1250-1252

    It is well known that localized cancers, including aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, have a better prognosis than cancers that have spread. When the results of treatment for aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are reported, the results for Ann Arbor stage ...

    1252-1254

    In this issue of the Journal, Mongan and Lee argue persuasively that physicians should lead the way in confronting the unpleasant truth that we cannot achieve universal health care coverage in the United States without tax increases.1 There is a second ...

    Sounding Board
    1255-1260

    Emanuel and Fuchs outline their proposal for a universal health care voucher system. Americans would receive vouchers to purchase coverage from their choice of private health plans. The system would replace Medicaid, Medicare, and employer-based insurance. The authors propose funding vouchers with a national value-added tax and argue that this would control costs, because increases in health care spending would require public approval of tax increases.

    1260-1263

    In the United States, about 45 million people do not have health insurance. Mongan and Lee argue that even though most Americans say they believe in access to health care for all, the public is not willing to pay for it. They urge health care providers to assume a leadership role and advocate for the tax increases necessary to provide health insurance to everyone.

    Correspondence
    1264-1265

    To the Editor: In the editorial by Garfunkel (Dec. 16 issue),1 which accompanies the report by Spielberger et al.2 about the action of palifermin in oral mucositis, Garfunkel cites other approaches but does not mention that low-level laser therapy might ...

    1266-1267

    To the Editor: In their review article on the care of the potential organ donor, Wood et al. (Dec. 23 issue)1 emphasize the importance of the correction of hypovolemia and recommend the use of sodium bicarbonate to treat acidosis. They also remind the ...

    1267-1268

    To the Editor: The review of contagious acute gastrointestinal infections by Musher and Musher (Dec. 2 issue)1 is incomplete with respect to bacterial causes of acute gastrointestinal illness. With more than 50 million international travelers a year and ...

    1268-1269
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    To the Editor: In many women with ovarian cancer, moderate-to-severe pain develops, and many have recurrent bowel obstructions that severely impair the quality of their lives. The otherwise comprehensive review of cancer of the ovary by Cannistra (Dec. 9 ...

    1269-1270

    To the Editor: Although the words “careful staging,” “full staging procedure” and “optimal staging” were used in the discussion of Case 37-2004 (Dec. 9 issue),1 that of a woman who appeared to have early-stage ovarian cancer, one point deserves ...

    1270-1271
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    To the Editor: Janssen et al., in their Clinical Problem-Solving article (Dec. 2 issue),1 present a case of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency with hemolysis and methemoglobinemia. They report that the patient had an oxygen-saturation ...

    1271-1272

    To the Editor: Human-to-human transmission of cryptococcosis is very rare.13 An 80-year-old man (Patient A) was hospitalized because of pulmonary squamous-cell carcinoma. He received mechanical ventilation and was transferred to the medical intensive ...

    Book Reviews
    1273-1274

    Thomas Szasz was the enfant terrible of 20th-century American psychiatry. His 1961 book, The Myth of Mental Illness (New York, Paul B. Hoeber), and his searing intellect and take-no-prisoners rhetorical style defined the terms of the discourse. Szasz ...

    1274

    The author, a history professor, reviews the responses of medical, political, and legal institutions to the fetal alcohol syndrome. Leaving the biomedical discussion to standard medical textbooks, she focuses in this book on a social context beyond the ...

    1275

    Absinthe, a strongly alcoholic drink with a reputation of mythic proportions, is again in fashion, 90 years after it was banned in France and elsewhere as a cause of madness. The drink, a potent concoction of wormwood, herbs, and between 55 percent and 75 ...

    1276

    This book is a comprehensive survey of theories about the workings of our minds. Theodore Millon, a well-respected psychologist and prolific writer, has divided his enterprise into seven kinds of “stories”: philosophical, humanitarian, neuroscientific, ...

    Corrections
    1276

    The Effect of Air Pollution on Lung Development from 10 to 18 Years of Age Original Article, N Engl J Med 2004:351;1057-1067.. On page 1059, under the heading Statistical Analysis, in the list of model adjustments, lines 18 through 20 of the left-hand ...

    1276

    Combination of Isosorbide Dinitrate and Hydralazine in Blacks with Heart Failure Original Article, N Engl J Med 2004:351;2049-2057.. On page 2053, in Table 2, under the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire score (range, 0 to 105), there ...

    1276

    Anti–Interleukin-12 Antibody for Active Crohn's Disease Original Article, N Engl J Med 2004:351;2069-2079.. On page 2069, the list of authors omitted the name of Zhiqiong Yang, B.S., of the Mucosal Immunity Section, National Institute of Allergy and ...

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