To the Editor: Nankivell et al. (Dec. 11 issue)¹ report that serial renal biopsies in recipients of kidney and pancreas transplants who were given calcineurin inhibitors showed that chronic rejection was rare but that, over time, these drugs led to ...

To the Editor: Birkmeyer et al. (Nov. 27 issue)¹ demonstrated that an individual surgeon's volume was a better predictor of lower mortality for certain high-risk operations than hospital volume. Kizer, in an accompanying editorial,² interpreted these ...

To the Editor: Naeyaert and Brochez (Dec. 4 issue)¹ highlight the old published National Institutes of Health (NIH) guidelines for the management of dysplastic nevi but do not mention that since 1992 the NIH has recommended the elimination of the term.² ...

To the Editor: We are writing in response to the article by Lembo and Camilleri on chronic constipation (Oct. 2 issue).¹ Injection of botulinum toxin into the puborectalis may be effective in the treatment of obstructed constipation.²–⁵ Furthermore, we ...

To the Editor: Spain is an important European entry point for illicit drugs from South America and other countries, and as a consequence, the Spanish experience with body packers has increased in recent years.¹,² In their review of the subject, Traub et ...

To the Editor: I commend Mertz for his comprehensive review of irritable bowel syndrome (Nov. 27 issue).¹ However, some comments are warranted. Mertz refers to tegaserod as “a drug similar to the prokinetic agent cisapride,” but in fact it is ...

To the Editor: Interferon and ribavirin in combination are the standard treatment for chronic hepatitis C. Hematologic abnormalities, including thrombocytopenia and anemia, are major side effects.¹ Ribavirin is closely associated with hemolytic anemia.² ...

Viral encephalitis in Humans brings to the forefront the extensive experience of Dr. Booss, the national director of neurology for the Department of Veterans Affairs, and Dr. Esiri, professor of neuropathology at the Oxford Radcliffe National Health ...

The severe epidemics of smallpox that swept through London and Boston in 1721 and 1722 caused scarring, blindness, and death. In Boston, almost 6000 people (out of a total population of 11,000) contracted smallpox, and more than 800 died. Doctors battled ...

In its natural course, AIDS is essentially a disease of opportunistic infections. In recent years, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), leading to reconstitution of immunity, has greatly affected the incidence and course of infectious episodes. ...