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November 27, 2003  Vol. 349 No. 22

Perspective
2087-2089

    Every year in the United States, approximately 9500 new cases of laryngeal cancer are diagnosed, and 3800 patients die of this tumor. Persistent hoarseness is a warning sign that can lead to the detection of the tumor at an early stage. Such small tumors (...

    2089-2090

    In persons who are fasting, lipids circulate in the plasma as constituents of lipoprotein particles that are defined on the basis of their density as very-low-, intermediate-, low-, and high-density lipoproteins. The lipoproteins categorized as very-low, ...

    Original Articles
    2091-2098

    This randomized trial of treatment for advanced laryngeal cancer found that concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy was superior to chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy or radiotherapy alone.

    2099-2107

    In this randomized, placebo-controlled trial involving premature infants (less than 34 weeks' gestation) with the respiratory distress syndrome, the use of inhaled nitric oxide significantly reduced the incidence of chronic lung disease and death. This therapy also reduced the rate of severe intraventricular hemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia — important complications of prematurity.

    2108-2115
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    Lp(a) lipoprotein is a variant of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and is important in the pathogenesis of atherothrombotic disease. This study focused on Lp(a) lipoprotein as a risk factor for stroke, death from vascular causes, and overall mortality in elderly men and women. The Lp(a) lipoprotein level was an independent predictor of these end points in men but not in women.

    Images in Clinical Medicine
    2116
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    A 42-year-old man was hospitalized because he had had confusion, weakness, and lethargy for approximately a week. Hypertension had recently been diagnosed, and the patient had begun therapy with a combination of amiloride and hydrochlorothiazide. His ...

    e21
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    Severe respiratory distress in an infant born at 40 weeks.

    Special Article
    2117-2127

    Research has demonstrated that there is lower operative mortality at hospitals with higher surgical volume. Using administrative data from Medicare, this study found lower mortality associated with each of eight procedures when performed by surgeons who undertook the operation more frequently.

    Review Articles
    2128-2135

    Many conditions other than acute myocardial infarction cause elevation of ST segments on an electrocardiogram. This review explains the conditions that may mimic acute myocardial infarction electrocardiographically. Because decisions about reperfusion therapy must be made quickly for patients with myocardial infarction, it is important to recognize and differentiate other causes of ST-segment elevation.

    2136-2146

    Irritable bowel syndrome, characterized by disordered bowel habits associated with abdominal pain or discomfort, affects roughly one in eight adults. This review discusses therapeutic options for patients with this disorder. Nonpharmacologic therapies alone are adequate for many patients. Nonspecific pharmacotherapy to treat constipation or diarrhea, as well as more specific therapy with antispasmodic agents, antidepressants, serotonin-receptor antagonists, and other agents are discussed. A doctor–patient alliance is important in treating the disorder.

    Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital
    2147-2155

    Presentation of Case

    A 79-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of occlusion at a vascular access site in the right forearm for hemodialysis and worsening intermittent claudication.

    There was a history of hypertension and coronary artery ...

    Editorials
    2157-2159

    The past three decades have seen the emergence of neonatology as a vibrant subspecialty of pediatrics, highlighted by advances in the management of the respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants. It is now widely accepted that surfactant deficiency ...

    2159-2161

    There is considerable evidence that patients undergoing various types of complex treatments or high-risk surgical procedures have lower mortality rates and otherwise better outcomes if care is provided in hospitals that have a high caseload of patients ...

    Clinical Implications of Basic Research
    2162-2163

    Rapid, accurate detection of pathogens is essential to managing disease. A recent study shows that genetically modified B lymphocytes represent a promising tool for identifying pathogens quickly.

    Correspondence
    2164-2167

    To the Editor: In the study by Kearon et al. (Aug. 14 issue),1 which compared low-intensity warfarin with conventional-intensity warfarin for long-term prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism, conventional-intensity therapy (target international ...

    2167-2169

    To the Editor: Trials have shown that thrombolysis, as compared with placebo, reduces mortality even though it is associated with increases in the rates of reinfarction and stroke.1,2 The Danish Multicenter Randomized Study on Fibrinolytic Therapy versus ...

    2169-2170

    To the Editor: In their letter to the editor, Ferranti and Menichetti (Aug. 21 issue)1 propose that enfuvirtide “should be considered for prophylaxis against HIV-1 [human immunodeficiency virus type 1] infection in cases of high-risk exposure to a ...

    2170-2171
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    To the Editor: In their editorial (Sept. 4 issue),1 Guttmacher and Collins provide a conventional and optimistic overview of the effects of genomics on clinical practice. Absent from their discussion is mention of the most common current use of genetics ...

    2171-2172

    To the Editor: In Case 27-2003 (Aug. 28 issue),1 a patient with two rare diseases — lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis — is described. The pathological discussion concludes with the statement that these two ...

    2172-2173

    To the Editor: Determination of pregnancy status is vital in the workup of a patient presenting with vaginal bleeding or lower abdominal pain. We report a case of false negative results on urine and serum pregnancy tests as a result of the “high-dose ...

    2173-2174

    To the Editor: Cystic lesions of the spleen are rare findings. We describe a patient with a very large epithelial splenic cyst. A 32-year-old woman presented to our clinic with a several-month history of abdominal pain and a sensation of fullness in her ...

    Book Reviews
    2175-2176

    What has been the impact of medical care on health over time? To answer that long-standing and still troubling question, Chris Feudtner has given us a term to use: bittersweet. Examining the history of insulin therapy, Feudtner describes what he calls the ...

    2176-2177

    Since its publication in 1987, Lauri Saxén's superb monograph Organogenesis of the Kidney (Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press) has been the benchmark by which other books in the field have been judged. The past 15 years have witnessed ...

    2177

    Nicholas tilney has written an enjoyable book about the history of organ transplantation, suitable for both professionals and laypersons alike. There is limited medical jargon to interfere with reading by a general audience, yet sufficient technical ...

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