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October 16, 2003 Vol. 349 No. 16
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On the basis of data from a large population of women 30 to 64 years of age who had had three or more consecutive negative Papanicolaou smears, the authors conclude that, as compared with annual screening for three years, screening performed once every three years is associated with an excess risk of cervical cancer of no more than 3 in 100,000.
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This study identified 300 patients in Israel and 2822 in the United States who presented with clinical malaria after travel to areas of endemic disease. Of these patients, 36 percent presented more than two months after returning home, and most had used an antimalarial regimen according to national guidelines.
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Germ-line mutations in the rearranged during transfection (RET) proto-oncogene are associated with thyroid cancer. These investigators studied presymptomatic patients 20 years of age or younger who had known RET mutations and had undergone prophylactic thyroidectomy. A significant age-related progression from C-cell hyperplasia to medullary thyroid carcinoma and to nodal metastasis was found in subgroups with certain mutations.
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In 130 military personnel, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) developed after blood samples had been stored in the U.S. Department of Defense Serum Repository. On testing, 88 percent of the 130 subjects were found to have had one or more lupus-associated autoantibodies before the clinical diagnosis. The antibodies that developed first were antinuclear, antiphospholipid, anti-Ro, and anti-La antibodies, which appeared, on average, more than three years before the diagnosis. Anti–double-stranded DNA antibodies were present two years before the diagnosis. Anti-Sm and anti–nuclear ribonucleoprotein antibodies, which developed last, were present about one year before diagnosis.
Primary progressive aphasia is an atypical dementia in which language abilities deteriorate while memory is relatively preserved. For many years, the principal signs and symptoms may be confined to the area of language. Patients may come to medical attention because of the onset of word-finding difficulties, abnormal speech patterns, or prominent errors in spelling. Neuropsychological testing can help establish the correct diagnosis.
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