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October 16, 2003  Vol. 349 No. 16

Perspective
1495-1496

Over the past 60 years, the mortality from cervical cancer — once one of the most common and lethal cancers in women in the United States — has decreased dramatically. Much of the reduction has been due to the widespread use of the Papanicolaou test, ...

1496-1498

    Cases of malaria acquired by international travelers from industrialized countries probably number 25,000 annually; of these, about 10,000 are reported, and 150 are fatal. These numbers are growing because of increased international travel, an increased ...

    1499-1500

    Autoantibodies are an integral part of the process of classifying, detecting, and, at least in some cases, mediating autoimmune diseases. Since the discovery of the antinuclear antibody more than 40 years ago, it has been closely associated with systemic ...

    Original Articles
    1501-1509

    On the basis of data from a large population of women 30 to 64 years of age who had had three or more consecutive negative Papanicolaou smears, the authors conclude that, as compared with annual screening for three years, screening performed once every three years is associated with an excess risk of cervical cancer of no more than 3 in 100,000.

    1510-1516
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    This study identified 300 patients in Israel and 2822 in the United States who presented with clinical malaria after travel to areas of endemic disease. Of these patients, 36 percent presented more than two months after returning home, and most had used an antimalarial regimen according to national guidelines.

    1517-1525

    Germ-line mutations in the rearranged during transfection (RET) proto-oncogene are associated with thyroid cancer. These investigators studied presymptomatic patients 20 years of age or younger who had known RET mutations and had undergone prophylactic thyroidectomy. A significant age-related progression from C-cell hyperplasia to medullary thyroid carcinoma and to nodal metastasis was found in subgroups with certain mutations.

    1526-1533

    In 130 military personnel, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) developed after blood samples had been stored in the U.S. Department of Defense Serum Repository. On testing, 88 percent of the 130 subjects were found to have had one or more lupus-associated autoantibodies before the clinical diagnosis. The antibodies that developed first were antinuclear, antiphospholipid, anti-Ro, and anti-La antibodies, which appeared, on average, more than three years before the diagnosis. Anti–double-stranded DNA antibodies were present two years before the diagnosis. Anti-Sm and anti–nuclear ribonucleoprotein antibodies, which developed last, were present about one year before diagnosis.

    Images in Clinical Medicine
    1534
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    A 31-year-old woman underwent total abdominal hysterectomy for menorrhagia. Her reported last menstrual period had occurred six days before surgery. Twelve weeks after surgery, computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis was performed because of ...

    e15
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    A 77-year-old man with a history of atrial fibrillation.

    Review Articles
    1535-1542

    Primary progressive aphasia is an atypical dementia in which language abilities deteriorate while memory is relatively preserved. For many years, the principal signs and symptoms may be confined to the area of language. Patients may come to medical attention because of the onset of word-finding difficulties, abnormal speech patterns, or prominent errors in spelling. Neuropsychological testing can help establish the correct diagnosis.

    1543-1554

    Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes are incited by a tumor outside the nervous system that produces a characteristic antigen of the nervous system. An immune response against the ectopic tumor antigen not only damages nerve tissue but also inhibits growth of the tumor.

    Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital
    1555-1564

    Presentation of Case

    A 37-year-old woman was referred to the colposcopy clinic because of two Papanicolaou smears showing atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US).

    One and two years previously, the patient had had Papanicolaou smears ...

    Editorial
    1566-1568

    Less than a decade after the identification of activating mutations of the rearranged during transfection (RET) proto-oncogene in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN-2), a clinical syndrome characterized by medullary thyroid carcinoma, ...

    Correspondence
    1569-1572

    To the Editor: One perplexing finding of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (July 17 issue)1 is that more high-grade tumors were detected in the finasteride group than in the placebo group. It is hard to put this finding into perspective because of the ...

    1573-1574

    To the Editor: Radermacher et al. (July 10 issue)1 assert that the renal arterial resistance index is associated with the prognosis for renal-transplant recipients. This study raises methodologic issues. Survival data are defined in terms of the time ...

    1575

    To the Editor: In their Clinical Practice article, Ost and colleagues (June 19 issue)1 do not specifically address coccidioidomycosis. In areas where this disease is endemic, the percentage of pulmonary nodules due to coccidioidomycosis is nearly 30 ...

    1575-1576

    To the Editor: Participants in the discussion of the differential diagnosis in Case 25-2003 (Aug. 14 issue),1 involving a neonate with intrauterine growth retardation, hepatosplenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, and periventricular calcifications, fail to ...

    1576-1577

    To the Editor: In 2001, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued warnings and an import alert that herbal products are unsafe if they contain or are suspected to contain aristolochic acid.1 A report in the Journal in 2000 described a cohort of 105 ...

    Book Reviews
    1578

    The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is one of the most misunderstood, underfunded, and important government agencies. In largely invisible ways, the FDA safeguards our food, drugs, cosmetics, and medical devices. In an engaging style, journalist Philip ...

    1578-1579

    Historical events can be described “from above” or “from the ground.” Historians, from their lofty academic perspective, write analyses and overviews that are supported by erudition and scholarly references. The man on the street, on the other hand, sees ...

    1580

    The popular circus showman P.T. Barnum once warned that “humbug” was everywhere in the medical profession. In Quack, Quack, Quack, William Helfand, a historian of pharmacy, proves Barnum right. A chronicle of quackery in picture and prose, Helfand's book ...

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