The efficacy of high-dose chemotherapy plus hematopoietic stem-cell rescue for breast cancer with axillary-lymph-node metastases was tested in a multicenter randomized trial. The advantage of the aggressive treatment over conventional therapy was marginal and was confined to women whose tumors expressed little or no HER2/neu.

Women with breast cancer and at least 10 involved ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes were randomly assigned to receive postoperative (adjuvant) chemotherapy either alone or followed by high-dose chemotherapy plus hematopoietic stem-cell rescue. After six years, the outcome was the same in the two groups.

Pediatricians often treat infants who have acute bronchiolitis with inhaled epinephrine, but the efficacy of this treatment has not been established. In this randomized, double-blind, controlled trial involving 194 infants, treatment with nebulized epinephrine did not influence the length of the hospital stay or the respiratory rate.

This randomized trial involved 144 patients who had generalized vasculitis associated with circulating autoantibodies to neutrophil cytoplasmic antigens (ANCA) that was in remission after initial treatment with cyclophosphamide. The rate of relapse was similar among patients receiving maintenance immunosuppressive treatment with azathioprine and among those receiving maintenance treatment with cyclophosphamide.

Nitrous oxide irreversibly oxidizes the cobalt atom of vitamin B₁₂, inhibiting the cobalamin-dependent enzyme methionine synthase, which has a key role in many biochemical reactions that involve the nervous system. This case report concerns the neurologic deterioration and death of a child anesthetized twice, over a short period, with nitrous oxide before an inherited deficiency in 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), which is critical in similar metabolic pathways, was diagnosed.