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February 13, 2003 Vol. 348 No. 7
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This prospective, open-label, randomized study compared the outcomes in hypertensive subjects 65 to 84 years of age who received therapy with angiotensin-converting–enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or diuretic agents. The rate of cardiovascular events or death from any cause was lower among male subjects who received ACE inhibitors.
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Endothelial progenitor cells are mononuclear cells of bone marrow origin that enter the circulation and may help maintain the vascular endothelium. This study found an inverse correlation between the number of circulating progenitor cells and cardiovascular risk and a direct correlation with endothelial function in the brachial artery.
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In this observational study of patients who received multiple infusions of infliximab for Crohn's disease refractory to conventional treatment, antibodies against infliximab developed in 61 percent of patients. Antibodies decreased infliximab concentrations and the duration of response. Antibodies were less likely to develop in patients who were also receiving immunosuppressive agents.
The selective estrogen-receptor modulators, or SERMs, chemically diverse nonsteroid compounds, have tertiary structures that permit binding to the estrogen receptor. These compounds have either selective agonist or antagonist effects, depending on the target tissue. This article reviews current information concerning the molecular basis of SERM action and the tissue-selective agonist–antagonist effects of this class of medication. The article also offers a perspective on the therapeutic uses of SERMs and compares the SERMs with estrogen and nonestrogen alternatives.
Pathogens employ a variety of methods to evade the immune response, and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is exceptionally capable in this regard. A recent study demonstrates why antibodies generated against the commonly exposed HIV-1 glycoprotein 120 are usually unable to prevent infection and, in so doing, uncovers a new means of viral evasion. The surface of glycoprotein 120 is remarkably flexible, making it difficult for antibodies to get a grip. This finding has implications for the development of an effective HIV-1 vaccine.
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