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June 19, 2003 Vol. 348 No. 25
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Two methods were compared for the detection of small lymph-node metastases in men with prostate cancer: conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MRI performed 24 hours after the intravenous injection of lymph-node–seeking nanoparticles containing an iron oxide core. The latter method proved superior to conventional MRI in sensitivity and specificity.
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In this prospective study, integrated positron-emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography were more accurate for the radiographic assessment of disease stages in non–small-cell lung cancer than the use of either technique alone or simultaneous visual inspection of the two types of images.
In a prospective study of 469 elderly subjects who were free of dementia at base line, activities such as reading, playing board games, and playing musical instruments were associated with a significant reduction in the risk of dementia. Participation in physical activities was not associated with any reduction in the risk of dementia.
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Information technology can improve patient safety by preventing errors and facilitating rapid response to adverse events. Computerized prescribing by physicians reduces the rate of medication-related errors. Systems that automatically page clinicians about serious laboratory abnormalities and remote monitoring of patients in intensive care units also appear promising.
Defects in type IV collagen, a collagenous protein involved in the formation of basement membranes, have been implicated in hereditary Alport's syndrome and acquired Goodpasture's syndrome. Mutations in genes corresponding to the building blocks of type IV collagen cause Alport's syndrome, whereas autoantibodies against structures that are usually hidden in the recesses of collagen IV cause Goodpasture's syndrome.
The mechanism by which some types of cereal proteins trigger celiac disease (also known as gluten-sensitive enteropathy) is unknown. A strong candidate has now been put forward: a 33-amino-acid peptide that resists digestion. The peptide is susceptible to degradation by a bacterial enzyme, raising the possibility of a new therapeutic approach.
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