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June 5, 2003 Vol. 348 No. 23
Microalbuminuria in type 1 diabetes has been thought to herald an inexorable process leading to overt proteinuria and progressive nephropathy. In this study of patients who had persistent microalbuminuria during an initial two-year evaluation period, 58 percent had regression of their microalbuminuria during the subsequent six years.
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Carotid intima–media thickness is considered to be a measure of atherosclerosis. This study examined intima–media thickness in participants in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Six years after the trial ended, the progression of intima–media thickness was significantly less in patients who had received intensive as compared with conventional therapy.
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Routine screening of newborns by tandem mass spectrometry resulted in the diagnosis of more cases of inborn errors of metabolism than had been diagnosed clinically during earlier periods. In particular, medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (which can be fatal at initial presentation) and other disorders of fatty-acid oxidation were more commonly diagnosed by screening.
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The advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy has greatly improved the long-term outcome of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This article reports successful cardiac transplantation in a patient infected with HIV type 1 (HIV-1) in whom heart failure had developed after daunorubicin therapy for Kaposi's sarcoma.
An otherwise healthy 48-year-old woman is found to have microscopic hematuria (5 red cells per high-power field) on a urinalysis performed by a life insurance company. No other laboratory abnormalities are identified; the serum creatinine concentration is 0.8 mg per deciliter (70.7 μmol per liter). The woman reports no symptoms and is a nonsmoker. Her blood pressure is 118/74 mm Hg, and the findings on physical examination are normal. How should she be evaluated?
Breast and ovarian cancers are among the most common cancers in women. It is known that a woman is at higher risk for breast or ovarian cancer if a family member has had the disease. This article in the Genomic Medicine series provides up-to-date information on the heritable factors associated with these tumors.
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