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May 8, 2003  Vol. 348 No. 19

Perspective
1835-1837

Over the past two decades, multiple observational studies have suggested that postmenopausal hormone therapy reduces the risks of osteoporotic fractures and coronary heart disease. On the basis of this evidence, hormone therapy was often recommended for ...

1837-1838

Thomas Carlyle's statement “Our main business is not to see what lies dimly at a distance, but to do what lies clearly at hand” was an integral part of William Osler's philosophy of life, which he discussed in his 1913 address “A Way of Life.” In genetic ...

Original Articles
1839-1854

The Women's Health Initiative previously established that therapy with estrogen and progestin does not prevent disease in postmenopausal women. In the same large, randomized, placebo-controlled trial involving postmenopausal women 50 to 79 years of age, estrogen plus progestin did not provide any clinically meaningful benefits in terms of 12 aspects of health-related quality of life, including energy, mood, cognition, sleep, and sexual satisfaction.

1855-1865

The authors describe gynecomastia of prepubertal onset and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism due to estrogen excess in a father and his son and an unrelated boy. They identified novel gain-of-function mutations (the same one in the father and son and another in the unrelated boy) in chromosome 15 that gave rise to cryptic promoters for the aromatase gene, leading to the overexpression of aromatase and high estrogen levels.

1866-1874
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The most common causes of the inherited long-QT syndrome are mutations in either of two potassium-channel genes (at locus LQT1 or LQT2) or a sodium-channel gene (at locus LQT3). In this large study, the risk of syncope, cardiac arrest, or sudden death was influenced by the genotype of the patient, the duration of the QT interval (corrected for heart rate), and the patient's sex.

1875-1883

In this randomized trial of the treatment of multiple myeloma, conventional combination chemotherapy was compared with high-dose chemotherapy plus hematopoietic stem-cell rescue. In the high-dose group, the rates of complete responses were higher and median survival was nearly a year longer than in the conventional-therapy group.

Images in Clinical Medicine
1884
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A 56-year-old man was involved in a minor bicycle accident in which the handlebars of the bicycle struck his abdomen. He came to the emergency room with swelling and pain in his anterior abdomen. He had a history of atrial fibrillation, which required ...

Special Article
1885-1894

In an effort to contain Medicaid costs, many states have transferred responsibility for mental health services to behavioral health organizations, which provide a package of mental health services in exchange for a fixed payment per Medicaid beneficiary. This study found that Tennessee's shift to such a mental health “carve-out” program was associated with reduced adherence to antipsychotic therapy among patients with severe mental illness.

Clinical Practice
1895-1901

    A 68-year-old man with a 50-year history of smoking presented with amaurosis fugax and was found to have an incidental intrarenal aortic dilatation, with a maximal diameter of 3.2 cm. After five years of routine follow-up, the aortic diameter has increased to 4.8 cm. What is the appropriate follow-up for and management of this case?

    Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital
    1902-1912

    Presentation of Case

    A 73-year-old woman was transferred to this hospital because of worsening pneumonia, increasing hypoxia, and azotemia.

    She had been well until 17 days before admission, when nonbloody diarrhea and fatigue began. The diarrhea resolved ...

    Editorial
    1914-1916

    Mental health and substance abuse services, commonly referred to as behavioral health services, have been more aggressively managed than most other medical and surgical services.1 Managed behavioral health organizations came to public programs from the ...

    Clinical Implications of Basic Research
    1917-1919

    Over the past couple of years, there has been a surge in the rate of discovery of proteins that interact with the products of the breast-cancer–susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2. Several findings link the BRCA proteins and proteins that are mutant in Fanconi's anemia. This link provides not only a more detailed picture of how DNA is repaired, but also strategic targets for experimental therapies.

    Correspondence
    1920-1925

    To the Editor: In the January 30 issue, a laudable attempt was made to come to grips with the many issues surrounding terrorist use of variola. An essential point remains unclear, however. How easily is variola transmitted? In the model of Bozzette et ...

    1925
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    To the Editor: Rubins and Relman, in their Image in Clinical Medicine (Jan. 30 issue),1 mention that a lymphangitic streak was present on day 9 and that “two physicians who examined the patient on day 10 . . . suspected bacterial cellulitis.” The lesion ...

    1925-1927

    To the Editor: Gæde et al. (Jan. 30 issue)1 unintentionally demonstrate that for many patients, treatment of type 2 diabetes amounts to benign neglect. This is illustrated by the absence of a meaningful reduction in glycosylated hemoglobin, total ...

    1927-1928

    To the Editor: Michaëlsson et al. (Jan. 23 issue)1 show that the risk of fracture increases in Swedish men with increased intake (and serum levels) of vitamin A. Furthermore, Lips, in an accompanying editorial,2 points out that bone mineral density ...

    1928-1931

    To the Editor: We welcome the article by Nathoe and colleagues (Jan. 30 issue).1 In its infancy, off-pump coronary-artery bypass was mostly used in high-risk patients,2 with observed reductions in morbidity and mortality.3 Cardiopulmonary bypass has two ...

    1931

    To the Editor: We share Buffon and colleagues' belief in widespread coronary inflammation (July 4 issue).1 However, believing in a hypothesis is not the same as proving it. Conclusions drawn from these experiments are not based on anatomical fact.

    The ...

    1931-1932

    To the Editor: The clinical problem that was easy to see (Jan. 2 issue)1 could have been less hard to find if the diagnostic approach had been slightly different. When myeloma is likely, the first step should be to look for a paraprotein. Serum and an ...

    1932-1934

    To the Editor: We report a case of bromoderma from excessive ingestion of a soft drink. A 63-year-old man presented with a two-week history of tender, ulcerated, erythematous nodules on his hands and fingers (Figure 1). There was no history of recent ...

    Book Reviews
    1935-1936

    In the United States, there are three ways to achieve a transfer of power from the producers of goods or services to the public in order to improve health and safety. The first is traditional federal or state regulation, wherein laws enable governmental ...

    1936-1937

    Is health care a right? If so, what duties does this right confer on health care systems and on societies? Since an unlimited right to all services is unaffordable, even in the United States (where spending on health care in 2001 exceeded 14 percent of ...

    1937-1938

    Peter Jacobson begins his book with questions about why physicians and lawyers always seem to be at odds and why physicians are resentful of the legal system. From the point of view of an economist, the answer is obvious: when physicians have much to lose ...

    1938-1939

    With the health care system in about as much turmoil as anyone can remember its being in, this hardly seems the time for a book that pays homage to the prowess of the private sector in health care reform. Indeed, the publication of The Privatization of ...

    Correction
    1939

    A Randomized Trial of Aspirin to Prevent Colorectal Adenomas in Patients with Previous Colorectal Cancer Original Article, N Engl J Med 2003:348;883-890.. As a participating institution, the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, should have ...