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January 3, 2002 Vol. 346 No. 1
Eight male patients received cardiac transplants from female donors. In samples from these hearts, the investigators were able to detect Y chromosomes in about 10 percent of the myocytes, proving that they came from the male recipients. These results show that cells from the recipient are able to migrate into the donor heart and take up residence. Some of the Y-chromosome–positive cells were primitive and had the capacity to proliferate.
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Preventing relapse is an important goal in treating patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. This study compared risperidone, a newer, atypical antipsychotic medication, and haloperidol, an older, conventional neuroleptic drug, for the prevention of relapse in clinically stable adult outpatients. Patients treated with risperidone had a lower risk of relapse.
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This prospective study included 53 children with E. coli O157:H7 infections. The hemolytic–uremic syndrome developed in 16 of the children, who had coagulation abnormalities that preceded the onset of azotemia and thrombocytopenia. The abnormalities included increases in the concentrations of prothrombin fragment 1+2, tissue plasminogen activator antigen, and plasmin–antiplasmin complex.
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The risk of preeclampsia is lower in second than first pregnancies if the woman's partner is the same, but not if the partner is different. This study used data from a large birth registry in Norway to evaluate whether a longer interval between deliveries, rather than a change in partner, might explain this finding. The risk of preeclampsia in a second or third pregnancy correlated directly with the interval between deliveries and approximated the risk during a first pregnancy if 10 years or more had elapsed between pregnancies.
Alpha1-antitrypsin is a member of a family of protease inhibitors known as the serpins. Mutations in these molecules can lead to disease, not only because the biologic activity of the protease in tissue is increased, but also because the mutations result in misfolded (i.e., conformationally abnormal) protease molecules that accumulate in tissue. This review article summarizes the action of these protease inhibitors and how mutations lead to their accumulation in particular neurodegenerative disorders such as prion encephalopathies and Alzheimer's disease.
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