In 1952, Virginia Apgar proposed the Apgar score as a means of evaluating the physical condition of infants shortly after delivery.¹ This scoring system, which encouraged delivery-room personnel to pay close attention to the newborn, was rapidly adopted ...

The goal of antiretroviral-drug therapy in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is the complete suppression of viral replication.¹,² Failure to achieve this goal is common in clinical practice, occurring at a rate of 40 to 70 ...

The number of immunosuppressed patients is growing. Pulmonary complications are an important cause of illness in such patients and contribute substantially to the mortality associated with various types of immunosuppression.¹,² Patients in whom ...

In humans, sweating is induced by heat or exercise and is part of thermoregulation.¹ Primary hyperhidrosis is defined as excessive, uncontrollable sweating without any discernible cause. It most commonly involves the axillae, palms, and soles.² Severely ...

Figure 1. A 24-year-old man presented with headaches, polyuria, and a tumor in the region of the optic chiasm. An open biopsy was nondiagnostic, and he was treated empirically with radiation therapy for a presumed astrocytoma or germ-cell tumor of the ...

Paul Ehrlich is credited with performing the first percutaneous liver biopsy in 1883 in Germany.¹ After Menghini reported a technique for “one-second needle biopsy of the liver” in 1958, the procedure became more widely used. The average duration of the ...

Thyroid hormone has many effects on the heart and vascular system.¹ Many of the clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism are due to the ability of thyroid hormone to alter cardiovascular hemodynamics.² The hemodynamic effects of hypothyroidism are ...

Presentation of Case

A 52-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of an attack of severe abdominal pain.

During the preceding four years, the patient had been evaluated repeatedly for chronic iron-deficiency anemia, but no cause had been ...

In 1952, Dr. Virginia Apgar developed a scoring system to evaluate the condition of neonates born at the Sloane Hospital for Women in New York City.¹ Dr. Apgar, an obstetrical anesthesiologist, intended that her scoring system be used to assess the effect ...

The ultimate goal of antiretroviral therapy for patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is to cure the infection. Failing that, the objective is to stop the progression of the disease and allow the immune system some degree of ...

Immunocompromised patients with respiratory failure who require mechanical ventilation have notoriously poor prognoses, with mortality rates ranging from 60 to 100 percent, depending on the underlying diagnosis and factors such as age, functional status, ...

Each year thousands of reviewers contribute their expertise to peer review, a process that contributes critically to the quality of the Journal. The editors and the authors of the papers submitted to the Journal are grateful for the help of all our ...

To the Editor: In their report on multiple complex coronary plaques in patients with acute transmural myocardial infarction, Goldstein et al. (Sept. 28 issue)¹ conclude that the subgroup of patients with angiographic evidence of multiple complex coronary ...

To the Editor: Hayden et al. (Nov. 2 issue)¹ identified an index case with an influenza-like illness in 337 families, and assigned the family contacts to prophylaxis with either zanamivir or placebo. Among the 414 family contacts who received zanamivir, ...

To the Editor: The article by Johnson et al. on the treatment of opioid dependence (Nov. 2 issue)¹ and the accompanying editorial by O'Connor² serve an important purpose in making physicians and, one hopes, the public more aware of the effectiveness of ...

To the Editor: We disagree with Dr. Chow and colleagues, who stated in their recent article (Nov. 2 issue)¹ that “epidemiologic studies have not been able to distinguish the effects of hypertension from those of diuretics or other antihypertensive drugs ...

To the Editor: Various vascular grafts are commonly used in the reconstruction of cardiovascular tissues. However, prosthetic or bioprosthetic materials lack growth potential and therefore in children require replacement as the children grow. Tissue ...

To the Editor: Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation is widely used in patients with chronic respiratory failure due to neuromuscular diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.¹ Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation can be used ...

The basic sciences, epidemiology, and clinical trials have continued to expand the field of lipid research and preventive cardiology. The goal of Lipids and Vascular Disease is to explore areas of current interest and controversy in this fast-moving ...

This excellent short compilation speaks to the identification and management of potentially fatal cardiac problems that face athletes as well as practicing physicians, nurses, physician's assistants, and public health, school, university, and professional ...

The assessment and care of dizzy patients can be among the most challenging and frustrating tasks faced by busy clinicians. This difficulty is reflected in the fact that patients with vestibular disorders are often treated empirically in the absence of a ...

In Whose Best Interest? Breaching the Academic–Industrial Wall Sounding Board, N Engl J Med 2000:343;1646-1649.. On page 1648, the sentences that begin on lines 10 and 13 of the left-hand column should have read, “Although Harvard University in the past ...