Arterial renarrowing after angioplasty, or restenosis, occurs in 30 to 40 percent of patients and results from neointimal proliferation and constrictive remodeling of the injured artery.¹ A number of trials that took pharmacologic approaches to the ...

Although coronary stents provide a metal scaffolding that reduces the risk of restenosis¹–⁴ by eliminating vascular contraction,⁵,⁶ stents do not inhibit neointimal proliferation but, rather, induce greater neointimal proliferation than do other coronary ...

Falciparum malaria remains a major cause of disease and death among children and pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa. During the second half of the 20th century, chloroquine was the antimalarial treatment of choice, because it was safe, inexpensive, and ...

Diabetic ketoacidosis occurs in 25 to 40 percent of children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus¹,² and may later recur in association with illness or noncompliance with treatment. Clinically apparent cerebral edema occurs in approximately 1 ...

Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I is an autosomal recessive inherited disease caused by mutations in the autoimmune regulator gene.¹ Its hallmarks are the failure of multiple endocrine glands due to an autoimmune process, susceptibility to chronic ...

Figure 1. A 77-year-old man presented with a two-month history of fever, chills, and malaise. Three months earlier, he had undergone valve replacement for calcific aortic stenosis at another institution. Multiple subsequent blood cultures were positive ...

The connection between breast cancer and estrogen has been recognized for more than 100 years, since George Beatson demonstrated that bilateral oophorectomy resulted in the remission of breast cancer in premenopausal women.¹ Subsequent evidence has ...

Presentation of Case

A 59-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of right-sided visual loss and oculomotor-nerve palsy.

The patient had had type 2 diabetes mellitus for 25 years; during most of those years he had taken insulin. Four years ...

On November 3, 2000, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted approval for two devices that deliver intracoronary radiotherapy for in-stent restenosis. Given this approval, it is possible that there will be widespread dissemination of this technique ...

Recurrent coronary stenosis occurs in 20 to 30 percent of patients in whom stents have been implanted for the treatment of obstructive lesions; when it occurs within the stent, it is referred to as in-stent restenosis. Not only is such stenosis a ...

Malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum, a protozoan parasite of the blood, is responsible for up to 2.7 million deaths yearly, mainly in children in sub-Saharan Africa. Worldwide there are over 300 million new cases of malaria per year. Given the lack of ...

Cerebral edema is a devastating complication of diabetic ketoacidosis and remains the leading cause of serious illness and death in children with diabetes mellitus.¹ The causes of cerebral edema are unknown, largely because of the lack of large-scale ...

To the Editor: The study by Saltz et al. (Sept. 28 issue)¹ leaves unanswered questions regarding the toxicity and dose intensity of the combination of irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. The authors ...

To the Editor: In their study of simplified and less costly regimens of zidovudine to reduce mother-to-child transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Lallemant et al. (Oct. 5 issue)¹ used an intention-to-treat analysis of the efficacy of ...

To the Editor: Cladribine (2-chlorodeoxyadenosine) is a purine nucleoside analogue with activity against various hematologic cancers.¹ Because mast cells are derived from hematopoietic stem cells,² we evaluated the therapeutic activity of cladribine in a ...

To the Editor: In their review article (Oct. 12 issue),¹ Drs. Burstein and Winer touch on the psychosocial issues related to the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Universally, breasts evoke diverse associations, ranging from a woman's sense of ...

To the Editor: The morbidity associated with the transmission of histoplasmosis by organ transplantation, as reported by Limaye et al. (Oct. 19 issue),¹ could have been avoided by timely autopsies of the donors. We were able to avoid the transmission of ...

To the Editor: The term “fungus ball” refers to a saprophytic colonization of a cavity by fungous hyphae without invasion of adjacent tissue.¹ It usually occurs in the lung (typically in a parenchymal cavity or an ectatic bronchus), the paranasal sinuses,...

The story of Phineas Gage is one of the oldest, most intriguing, and most told tales in the history of neuroscience. The key events occurred in rural Vermont more than 150 years ago. Gage, a railroad construction worker, had an accident in which an iron ...

Brush with Death: A Social History of Lead Poisoning is engrossing to read, despite some faults. Although the author attempts to portray it as an objective history of lead poisoning in the United States in the 20th century, the book has an “attitude”: the ...

In the early 1980s, clinicians in urban centers became increasingly alarmed as young homosexual and bisexual men presented with a life-threatening disease that seemed related to a severe immunodeficiency. The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report ...