Islet transplantation has been investigated as a treatment for type 1 diabetes mellitus in selected patients with inadequate glucose control despite insulin therapy. However, the perennial hope that such an approach would result in long-term freedom from ...

Lung-volume–reduction surgery has been performed in thousands of people with emphysema in recent years.¹ More than 30 separate reports of over 2000 operations have found substantial and clinically relevant improvements in lung function, walking distance, ...

Symptomatic decompensation is the most common reason for the hospitalization of patients with congestive heart failure due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction. In such patients, the predominant symptoms — dyspnea and fatigue — are associated with ...

The occurrence of distant metastases and metastases to mediastinal lymph nodes profoundly affects the prognosis of non–small-cell lung cancer, making accurate staging crucial for selecting appropriate treatment. When used alone, the results of most ...

The sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) remains the leading cause of death in the first year of life and has a devastating impact on the affected families.¹–⁴ Despite the fact that there have been many hypotheses,³,⁴ the cause or causes of SIDS are still ...

Figure 1. A 45-year-old man with a 70-pack-year history of smoking began to have pain and then swelling in his right foot and ankle. He had no history of trauma. The radiographic findings were inconclusive, and the chest film was normal. Magnetic ...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by the progressive development of airflow limitation that is not fully reversible.¹ The term COPD encompasses chronic obstructive bronchitis, with obstruction of small airways, and emphysema, ...

Presentation of Case

A 49-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of pain in the knee.

The patient had been in stable health until three months earlier, when he began to have pain in his left knee, which gradually worsened and awakened him ...

Medical history is replete with sagas of scientists who doggedly pursue dreams of better ways to treat disease. In these tales, somewhere on the road between the first success and the maturation of an important new therapy, enthusiasts' smiles broaden and ...

Carcinoma of the lung is the leading cause of death from cancer in Western countries. Surgery is the treatment most likely to result in the cure of early non–small-cell lung carcinoma, which includes squamous-cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large-cell ...

Between 1987 and 1996, the concept of “medical futility” was debated in the medical community with a vehemence that few philosophical concepts elicit. Before 1987, the concept was virtually unrecognized. Interest in the concept peaked in 1995, when 134 ...

To the Editor: In their study of fulminant myocarditis as compared with acute (nonfulminant) myocarditis, McCarthy et al. (March 9 issue)¹ included all patients in whom the diagnosis was established by endomyocardial biopsy and who met their selection ...

To the Editor: In their extensive review of spontaneous pneumothorax, Sahn and Heffner (March 23 issue)¹ do not specifically mention pneumothorax associated with pregnancy. Spontaneous pneumothorax can occur in the prepartum or postpartum period but is ...

To the Editor: In 1989, a killed hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccine produced from cell culture was described.¹ Today, several vaccines are available commercially in countries all over the world. The World Health Organization and other advisory committees ...

To the Editor: We disagree with the approach to sedation and analgesia for children proposed by Krauss and Green in their review article (March 30 issue).¹ Unfortunately, there is minimal outcomes-based research to guide these directives. The ...

To the Editor: Before the diagnosis of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma was established in the case described by Poiesz et al. (March 30 issue),¹ several alternatives should have been considered. Patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ...

To the Editor: Although dietary supplements are often called “herbal supplements,”¹ they may contain raw animal parts. The label of one nationally distributed product lists as ingredients 17 bovine organs, including brain, spleen, lung, liver, pancreas, ...

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men. The increase in basic and clinical research on this type of cancer has been logarithmic. Although this is clearly a good thing from the standpoint of scientific advancement, it would take an entire day ...

The treatment of cancer in older people is an increasingly common problem that is widely acknowledged but poorly understood. The benefits of treatment are smaller for older patients than for younger ones because of the shorter life expectancy of the ...

This book is a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the diagnosis and management of upper gastrointestinal cancer. Pharyngeal and upper duodenal lesions are not covered; the book focuses instead on malignant and premalignant lesions of the esophagus ...

Cytokeratin-Positive Cells in the Bone Marrow and Survival of Patients with Stage I, II, or III Breast Cancer Original Article, N Engl J Med 2000:342;525-533.. In Table 2, the reference groups for tumor size, tumor grade, and estrogen-receptor status are ...