Infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) has been established as a cause of cervical cancer.¹ However, most epidemiologic studies of HPV infection and cervical cancer have been conducted with the use of samples taken after the cancer has been ...

Whether consumption of caffeine during pregnancy increases the risk of spontaneous abortion is controversial. Several studies have indicated that even moderate caffeine consumption is associated with a risk of fetal loss that is more than double the risk ...

Since its etiologic role in pseudomembranous colitis was discovered 21 years ago,¹ Clostridium difficile has been recognized as a major nosocomial pathogen throughout the world.² A wide variety of strains are capable of causing disease,³,⁴ and outbreaks ...

Figure 1. A 62-year-old man with end-stage renal disease from hypertensive nephrosclerosis that had been treated by hemodialysis for 14 years presented to the emergency room with a productive cough and fever, from which he recovered. A chest film showed ...

There has been much concern that the growth of for-profit ownership of health care organizations may compromise the quality of care provided to patients. As compared with not-for-profit entities, for-profit firms may be under more pressure to generate ...

Racial differences in access to effective medical procedures are a persistent problem in the United States.¹–⁶ Black patients are less likely than white patients to undergo renal transplantation,⁷–¹² coronary-artery bypass surgery and angioplasty,¹³–¹⁶ ...

Alzheimer's disease, which is characterized by progressive loss of memory and cognitive function, affects 15 million people worldwide. The incidence increases steadily from 0.5 percent per year at the age of 65 years to nearly 8 percent per year after the ...

Presentation of Case

A 32-day-old girl was admitted to the hospital because of a retroperitoneal mass.

The patient had been born to a 31-year-old woman (gravida 4, para 3) after a 39-week gestation. A prenatal ultrasonographic study, performed at four ...

More than 100 years have passed since an association between sexual behavior and cancer of the cervix was reported. In the ensuing years, the elusive sexually transmitted agent has been intensively sought. It was not long ago that the herpes simplex virus ...

The article by Klebanoff and colleagues¹ in this issue of the Journal adds to the growing body of literature examining the association of caffeine intake with adverse pregnancy outcomes and developmental problems. This study reports an association between ...

It is hard to remember a time in the past decades when Clostridium difficile was not a scourge in our hospitals. As a house officer in the early 1960s, I recall seeing only one patient with hospital-acquired colitis, which we called staphylococcal ...

The Medicare End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) Program began in 1973. Over the past 26 years, it has illustrated both the benefits of modern, high-technology medicine and the problems associated with it. Life of good quality has been extended for hundreds of ...

The recent report by Schenk et al.¹ raises the hope of a vaccine for Alzheimer's disease. This report has justifiably received wide attention in both the scientific and lay media. It describes an initial study in transgenic mice, which had been developed ...

To the Editor: The study by Tyson et al. (June 24 issue),¹ while impressive in design and numbers of infants studied, does not really answer the question of whether vitamin A supplementation reduces the risk of chronic lung disease in premature infants. ...

To the Editor: In the August 5 issue, Mofenson et al.¹ conclude that antiretroviral therapy “should be recommended to all infected pregnant women regardless of their HIV-1 [human immunodeficiency virus type 1] RNA levels,” and Garcia et al.² conclude ...

To the Editor: Even if women acknowledge the perinatal risks of cigarette smoking and wish to quit the habit, many women continue to smoke after realizing that they have conceived.¹ The transdermal nicotine patch, when combined with counseling, is an ...

To the Editor: Brisinda et al. (July 8 issue)¹ report that healing of chronic anal fissure occurred in 22 of the 25 patients in the group receiving botulinum-toxin injections and in 10 of the 25 patients treated with topical nitroglycerin ointment. In ...

To the Editor: The review by Arndt and Crist (July 29 issue)¹ underplays the role of stem-cell transplantation in the treatment of Ewing's sarcoma. Our group has worked on stem-cell transplantation in Ewing's sarcoma since the early 1980s and has ...

To the Editor: Thoracic masses due to extramedullary hematopoiesis are rare, occurring most often in patients with thalassemia or congenital hemolytic anemia.¹ The masses usually cause no symptoms but can cause pleural effusion or hemothorax. Here, we ...

Since the atrocious experiments performed by the Nazis on humans, informed consent has became both a well-understood concept and a protective mechanism in research. Justice is a much more complex concept, challenging both theoreticians and those who ...

This is a massive work, an encyclopedia of transplantation. There may never be a need for another book on transplantation. Nearly every word written about transplantation is found in this book or in its lists of references. Every conceivable avenue of the ...

Among people in developed countries, there is a sense of obligation to provide assistance when large-scale crises occur in other countries. Medical professionals are recruited by humanitarian organizations in their own countries to give such assistance ...

A Population-Based Study of the Clinical Expression of the Hemochromatosis Gene Original Article, N Engl J Med 1999:341;718-724.. On page 719, the second sentence under the heading “Measurement of Serum Iron, Transferrin, and Ferritin” should have read, “...

Abnormal Clones of T Cells Producing Interleukin-5 in Idiopathic Eosinophilia Original Article, N Engl J Med 1999:341;1112-1120.. On page 1119, Panels C and D of Figure 3 were transposed. The CD7– T cells showed no expression of granulocyte–macrophage ...