The treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has undergone considerable change.¹–³ Protease inhibitors and non–nucleoside-analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitors, when used as part of combination drug regimens, can profoundly suppress ...

Treatment for patients with non-insulin-dependent (type II) diabetes mellitus consists of reducing hyperglycemia through diet, exercise, and therapy with drugs or insulin.¹ The longer diabetes has been present, the more likely patients are to require ...

Hyperglycemia in patients with non-insulin-dependent (type II) diabetes mellitus is caused by peripheral insulin resistance, which results in decreased insulin-mediated glucose disposal; increased endogenous glucose production, chiefly from the liver; and ...

In the past 30 years, knowledge about end-stage renal disease and the use of maintenance hemodialysis for patients with the disease have both increased dramatically, and technological developments in dialyzer membranes, dialysis machines, and vascular ...

Some patients with cancer have one or more subsequent primary tumors of the same histologic subtype. This phenomenon can be explained by the long-term exposure of a particular tissue to a carcinogen (“field cancerization”), the growth of micrometastatic ...

Figure 1. Numerous flesh-colored umbilicated papules appeared on the face of a 33-year-old man with a three-year history of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and a CD4 cell count of 60 per cubic millimeter. Prominent lesions along the margin ...

Brain Tumors

Focal deficits, such as hemiparesis, hemianopia, or seizures, develop in many patients with primary or metastatic brain tumors. The clinical signs depend on the location of the tumor and reflect impaired regional cerebral function. Frequently,...

Presentation of Case

A 46-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of unstable angina pectoris.

The patient had been well until three weeks earlier, when he began to have episodes of anterior and posterior chest pain that radiated to the right ...

Cloning captured public attention when Scottish scientists startled the world by announcing the birth of a sheep named Dolly that had been cloned by combining the nucleus of an adult mammary cell and an enucleated sheep egg. Interest intensified when ...

In this issue of the Journal, Palella et al. provide evidence of a massive decrease in morbidity and mortality related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.¹ Among 1255 study participants who had at least one CD4+ cell count of fewer than 100 ...

Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus is characterized by insulin resistance, increased hepatic glucose production, and impaired secretion of insulin by pancreatic beta cells. Although the primary defect underlying these abnormalities is still ...

In this issue of the Journal, Monzon et al. report the occurrence of germ-line mutations of the CDKN2A gene in patients with multiple primary melanomas.¹ CDKN2A, a tumor-suppressor gene, has a central role in regulating cell division.

The loss of function ...

Several years ago, I served as a panelist at a conference on health care ethics at a university-affiliated community hospital. The chief of orthopedic surgery asked my opinion of a proposal made to him by the hospital's chief executive officer (CEO). The ...

To the Editor: Troglitazone is a thiazolidine 2,4-dione derivative that represents a novel class of oral drugs for the treatment of diabetes. In clinical trials, including two published in this issue of the Journal, ¹,² troglitazone has increased insulin ...

To the Editor: In their report on the relation between dietary fat intake and coronary heart disease in women, Hu et al. (Nov. 20 issue)¹ present data suggesting that there is no relation between fat intake and body-mass index. Specifically, in Table 2 ...

To the Editor: The Shattuck Lecture by Dr. Braunwald (Nov. 6 issue)¹ provided an outstanding overview of cardiovascular medicine and science. In the section entitled “Transgenic Techniques,” apolipoprotein (apo) A-I– and apo E–deficient mice are ...

To the Editor: Eriksson et al. (Nov. 6 issue),¹ in comparing desirudin (Revasc) with enoxaparin (Lovenox) for the prevention of thromboembolic complications after total hip replacement, administered a standard European dosage of enoxaparin (40 mg ...

To the Editor: The November 6 issue of the Journal contained two articles¹,² and an editorial³ that highlighted the complex relation between human papillomaviruses (HPVs), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and anogenital cancer. As Frisch et al.² noted,...

To the Editor: Pecherstorfer (Nov. 13 issue)¹ describes a patient who presented with localized melanoma that was initially treated with surgery and adjuvant interferon therapy. Subsequently, regional in-transit melanoma and nodal failure occurred; the ...

To the Editor: The use of mesalamine (5-aminosalicylic acid) for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease seems paradoxical, since structurally similar acetylsalicylic acid and other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause or exacerbate ...

To the Editor: In the October 23 Case Records,¹ the illustration showing the path of the inspired sprig (Figure 9) is anatomically incorrect. The right bronchus is wider, shorter, and more vertical in direction than the left. As a consequence, there is a ...

No one has had a longer or closer professional experience with rheumatic fever than Dr. Benedict F. Massell. His lifelong association with the disease began only shortly after the clinical picture of rheumatic fever had been described and approximately a ...

The past 10 years have seen an expanded scientific and commercial interest in the potential of new vaccines. Scientific advances have created new tools for developing vaccines for diseases for which no vaccines exist. The complete genomic sequence of a ...

Traveler's medicine is becoming an increasingly important and widely applied subspecialty of infectious diseases, focusing mainly on prevention. With the rise in the standard of living, particularly in the Western world, there are more possibilities for ...

Hormone-Replacement Therapy Compared with Simvastatin for Postmenopausal Women with Hypercholesterolemia Correspondence, N Engl J Med 1998:338;63-64.. On page 63, the first sentence of the letter that begins in the right-hand column should have read, “The ...