Progress in the field of antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection has brought the end of the zidovudine-monotherapy era,¹–³ an improved understanding of the pathogenesis of HIV-1 disease,⁴–⁹ demonstrations of the ...

Combination therapy with two nucleoside analogues is better than monotherapy in reducing levels of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA, increasing CD4 cell counts, and preventing the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and death.¹–⁵ The HIV-...

The treatment of patients with obstructive disease of coronary-artery bypass grafts poses a challenge of increasing magnitude as the population of patients who have undergone bypass surgery continues to grow. Within a decade after surgery, half of all ...

Major-histocompatibility-complex (MHC) class II deficiency, also referred to as the bare lymphocyte syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive immunodeficiency disease in which a lack of all MHC class II molecules results in the inability to generate T-cell–...

Figure 1. A previously healthy bisexual man presented with the nephrotic syndrome and acute renal failure. The serum creatinine concentration was 7.8 mg per deciliter (693 μmol per liter), the albumin concentration was 15 g per liter, and the 24-hour ...

Each year, over 110,000 people are injured and more than 5000 are killed in the United States in motor vehicle accidents involving commercial trucks.¹ Estimates of the percentage of crashes that are partially or completely attributable to fatigue range ...

In 1949, the discovery that sickle hemoglobin (α₂ βS₂) has an abnormal electrophoretic mobility prompted Linus Pauling and his colleagues to christen sickle cell anemia “a molecular disease.”¹ The ensuing five decades have produced a wealth of information ...

Presentation of Case

A 67-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of nausea and increasing confusion.

The patient had undergone excision and radiation therapy for carcinoma of the left breast 13 years before admission and for carcinoma of the ...

After years of bad news, there is optimism in the battle against AIDS. In the United States, the number of deaths declined 19 percent in the first nine months of 1996 as compared with the same period in 1995 — from 37,900 to 30,700.¹ Among the many ...

In this issue of the Journal, Villard and his colleagues in Geneva report a new kind of mutation in children with primary deficiency of major-histocompatibility-complex (MHC) class II molecules (also called the bare lymphocyte syndrome).¹ Since there are ...

The problem of drowsiness in commercial truck drivers has received considerable attention. Many people believe that drowsy truckers are only the most obvious example of sleep-deprived workers in all forms of transportation and in many different jobs. In ...

Insects and humans have lived together successfully for many years — the oldest insect fossil is probably more than 390 million years old. Insects have evolved into approximately a million named species that occupy an important place in the world's ...

To the Editor: The report by Schrag and colleagues (May 15 issue)¹ is of epidemiologic interest but of no great clinical use to women at risk for carrying BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations or to the physicians caring for them. The results are presented to ...

To the Editor: We were surprised that in their review of sarcoidosis, Newman et al. (April 24 issue)¹ did not mention Crohn's disease as a cause of granulomatous disease in the classification shown in their Table 1. Indeed, granulomas in the gut mucosa ...

To the Editor: The results of skin testing with cockroach allergen among inner-city children, reported by Rosenstreich et al. (May 8 issue),¹ are similar to my experience almost 30 years ago.² While working in the allergy clinics at Gouverneur Hospital ...

To the Editor: Miller and Panosian (May 1 issue)¹ report an association between artesunate and a post-treatment cerebellar syndrome in falciparum malaria. As they state, no overt neurotoxicity has been reported in over a million patients with malaria who ...

To the Editor: The Committee on Infectious Diseases of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has recently issued guidelines for the care of children with meningitis and other infections possibly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. ¹ Several ...

To the Editor: The diagnosis of a new Lyme disease infection by conventional assays may be difficult in persons who have antibodies to or immunologic memory of Borrelia burgdorferi proteins. This was the case in a recipient of vaccine containing ...

In this book, Terri Kapsalis attempts to make sense of the complex task of performing a pelvic examination. Her knowledge of this topic derives from her work as a gynecology teaching associate who taught medical students how to do a pelvic examination. ...

Although 19th-century evolutionary philosophers, notably Herbert Spencer (1820 to 1903), made large claims for the biologic basis of human beliefs and practices, serious discussion of a biologic or genetic basis for social customs and structures went into ...

For years I have been responsible for organizing teaching materials on lymphoproliferative disease for our Division of Medical Oncology. Disappointed with the available textbooks because they are either out of date or incomplete, I have assembled hundreds ...

Our understanding of swallowing has been much like the description of the elephant provided by the blind men. In our narrow, specialty-oriented arenas, the neurologist sees neuromuscular sequences, and the endoscopist sees structural anomalies; the ...

Sexual Transmission of HIV Review Article, N Engl J Med 1997:336;1072-1078.. On page 1073, in Figure 1, the infectivity ranges for female-to-male and male-to-female transmission are incorrect. The corrected figure appears below. We regret the error.