In the United States, 1 million to 2 million women have undergone breast implantation.¹,² We previously reported the results of a retrospective cohort study that showed no increased risk of connective-tissue or autoimmune disorders among women with breast ...

Cardiovascular disease results in more deaths among women in the United States than any other disease. Several prospective, observational studies have suggested that postmenopausal women who take estrogen have a lower rate of cardiovascular events than ...

Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a progressive cholestatic liver disease characterized by intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary-duct fibrosis as well as associated inflammatory changes involving the portal and periportal regions of the liver.¹ The cause ...

Dysautonomias, derangements of sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system function, are seen fairly often in neurology and cardiology. Autonomic hypofunction or failure has received the most attention,¹ and its causes include drugs and disease-...

Persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy is caused by inappropriate and excessive secretion of insulin. Although the disease is rare in outbred communities (approximately 1 case per 50,000 persons), the incidence is approximately 1 per 2500 in ...

Figure 1. A 14-year-old boy with a four-year history of systemic lupus erythematosus (controlled by daily treatment with 5 mg of prednisone) reported feeling weak and warm and subsequently began to have abdominal pain and vomiting. The next morning, ...

Few diseases have been affected more by the advent of antimicrobial therapy than bacterial meningitis. From its recognition in 1805 to the early 20th century, bacterial meningitis was fatal. Although the introduction of antibiotics made it curable,¹–⁴ ...

Breast implantation is performed primarily for three indications: breast augmentation, reconstruction after mastectomy for cancer, and reconstruction after prophylactic mastectomy. Outcome is judged by the safety of the surgery and the quality of results ...

Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a chronic, progressive cholestatic liver disease characterized by continuing inflammation, necrosis, and obliteration of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts.¹ The pathognomonic finding on liver biopsy, albeit rarely ...

The autonomic nervous system, through the sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways, supplies and influences every organ in the body. It closely integrates vital processes, such as blood pressure and body temperature. Its immense capability and flexibility ...

Scientists who want no part of lawyers and the judicial system may learn to their horror that a court can subpoena their research results, and perhaps even compel them to testify, if their work has some bearing on a case under litigation. For example, Dr. ...

To the Editor: Regarding the editorial on editorials and conflicts of interest (Oct. 3 issue),¹ in which you extend the definition of a conflict of interest for editorialists to include one-time consulting fees, as well as ongoing financial associations, ...

To the Editor: The study by Drazen et al. (Sept. 19 issue)¹ demonstrates the safety of the regular use of inhaled β-agonists in a controlled setting among patients with mild asthma. We fear, however, that this result may create a false sense of security ...

To the Editor: The report by the Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO) IIb investigators comparing recombinant hirudin and heparin for the treatment of acute coronary syndromes (Sept. 12 issue)¹ is important and timely. ...

To the Editor: The postperfusion syndrome, an uncommon event after open-heart surgery with extracorporeal circulation, is associated with a young age at surgery (less than one year) and bypass lasting longer than 60 minutes.¹,² We report an unusual case ...

To the Editor: Severe infections with varicella–zoster virus are common in immunocompromised hosts.¹ Hemorrhagic varicella is serious and frequently fatal. We describe a case of hemorrhagic varicella that was resistant to a conventional regimen of ...

To the Editor: White (Sept. 12 issue)¹ is to be commended on an excellent review of the treatment of malaria. However, the recommended dose of quinidine is 6.25 mg of base per kilogram of body weight (10 mg of quinidine gluconate per kilogram by ...

To the Editor: In our article on germ-line mutations of the p53 tumor-suppressor gene in children and young adults with second malignant neoplasms (May 14, 1992, issue),¹ we reported that the proband (II-1) and her mother (I-2) in Family 6 carried germ-...

To the Editor: Driscoll and Tronic (Images in Clinical Medicine, Sept. 12 issue)¹ report on the examination of hair from two young girls infested with Pediculus humanus capitis. Panel B reportedly shows a female head louse. In point of fact, however, ...

A second edition of any specialized multiauthored textbook is a tribute to both good editing and good publishing. That there is a demand for such work in this field is shown by the existence of a considerable number of small booklets, larger publications ...

We read about exciting new developments in molecular biology and genetics every day. However, the general physiology of organs, animals, and humans is no longer a hot area of study. The interest and imagination of medical students are appropriately ...

Anyone who thinks that neonatal respiratory diseases have become boring in the postsurfactant era is mistaken. New imaging and genetic-testing techniques present challenges. In addition, treatment with high-frequency ventilation, nitric oxide, and liquid ...

In Critical Care Physiology, Dr. Bartlett intends to present a common-sense, pragmatic approach to the bedside care of the critically ill or injured patient, with a focus on multiorgan interactions. Although most of the basic physiologic descriptions are ...

Malnutrition is the number-one risk factor for mortality, accounting for 12 percent of deaths worldwide — twice the mortality from tobacco use or hypertension. In the United States, 50 percent of patients are moderately malnourished on admission to the ...

Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital (Case 19-1996) Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital, N Engl J Med 1996:334;1655-1662.. On page 1655, in lines 3 and 24 of the left-hand column, “acute myeloblastic leukemia, stage M1” should ...

Outcome of Pregnancy in Women with Moderate or Severe Renal Insufficiency Original Article, N Engl J Med 1996:335;226-232.. On page 229, in lines 11 through 13 of the left-hand column, the comparison of the incidence of exacerbation of hypertension during ...