Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) may be transmitted from mother to infant during the antepartum, intrapartum, or postpartum period. Immunologic, virologic, obstetrical, and other maternal factors influence transmission, but their relative ...

After the initial control of a hemorrhage from esophageal varices, patients are at high risk for further bleeding and death.¹,² Therapy to prevent rebleeding is essential. Endoscopic sclerotherapy is widely used for this purpose. Meta-analyses of data ...

Hereditary angioedema, first reported by Quincke in 1882¹ and described by Osler in 1888,² is characterized by episodic bouts of well-circumscribed, nonpitting subepithelial edema that primarily involve the extremities, larynx, face, and abdomen.³,⁴ The ...

In a series of randomized, placebo-controlled trials, surfactant-replacement therapy was effective in reducing pulmonary morbidity and mortality in infants with very low birth weights (500 to 1500 g) who had the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).¹–⁸ ...

Figure 1. Abdominal computed tomography was performed in a 58-year-old woman with acute abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal distention. The patient had had recurrent swelling of the tongue and pharynx during therapy with lisinopril, but the ...

Hyperbaric oxygen — 100 percent oxygen at two to three times the atmospheric pressure at sea level — can result in arterial oxygen tension in excess of 2000 mm Hg¹ and oxygen tension in tissue of almost 400 mm Hg.²,³ Such doses of oxygen have a number of ...

Angiotensins are peptide hormones derived from the protein precursor angiotensinogen by the sequential actions of proteolytic enzymes (Figure 1). The classic pathway of angiotensin synthesis includes a reaction catalyzed by angiotensin-converting enzyme (...

Presentation of Case

A 33-year-old man was admitted to the hospital for a bone marrow transplantation because of refractory acute myeloblastic leukemia, stage M1.

He had had proteinuria 18 years earlier, followed 3 years later by severe hypertension and ...

As of the end of 1995, over 90 percent of the reported cases of AIDS in children were acquired through mother-to-infant transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).¹ Nearly all HIV infections in children are now thought to be acquired in this ...

“So soon as ever she came into the room I recognized the affection, for there lay, across the face from temple to temple, an oblong tumor almost closing both eyes.” Thus, J.L. Milton in 1876 described one of his patients with angioedema, six years before ...

To the Editor: Ryan and Kaye (Feb. 1 issue)¹ argue that the Northern Territory Rights of the Terminally Ill Act is “a good first attempt to create an act permitting voluntary euthanasia.” They are unduly sanguine in their conclusion for several reasons. ...

To the Editor: Ifudu et al. (Feb. 15 issue)¹ state that decreasing blood urea nitrogen levels in patients receiving hemodialysis by a strategy of intensive dialysis improves the response to intravenous recombinant human erythropoietin. We congratulate ...

To the Editor: The interesting article by O'Brien et al. (Feb. 15 issue)¹ has several shortcomings. When measurements corresponding to the same time points are not available for all patients in a study, patients with samples obtained early after the ...

To the Editor: Before Leor et al. (Feb. 15 issue)¹ can conclude that the incidence of sudden death increased after the Northridge, California, earthquake, additional information on sudden death in Los Angeles is needed. The number of deaths investigated ...

To the Editor: Celermajer et al. (Jan. 18 issue)¹ reported that passive smoking is associated with a dose-related impairment of flow-mediated, endothelium-dependent arterial dilatation in healthy young subjects. Previous studies have shown that active ...

To the Editor: Mucosal candidiasis that is refractory to treatment with fluconazole is an increasingly common complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In many cases, none of the available oral antifungal agents are effective; in some ...

As diagnostic testing for vascular disease continues to evolve, the borderline between noninvasive and invasive techniques has become blurred. For example, contrast angiography is clearly an invasive procedure, and methods based on ultrasound are ...

More than 100 years have passed since Roentgen discovered the x-ray, and this textbook is a testimony to a century of progress in musculoskeletal imaging. Combining historical facts, original references, chronologic precision, practical information, ...

This excellent textbook brings together fundamentals and clinical practice and focuses on problem solving in nuclear medicine. Its publication is a landmark in the field of medical imaging.

The editors have integrated contributions by a broad spectrum of ...

Ultrasonography has an increasing role as a bedside method in the daily clinical work of physicians. Technical improvements and the affordability of diagnostic ultrasound equipment make it ideal for emergency medicine. Because emergency medicine is at the ...

Professional and political concern about the increasing numbers of graduates of foreign medical schools entering U.S. residency programs has re-emerged during the past year. Previous attempts to limit the number of such graduates who fill residency ...