Worldwide, the predominant mode of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission is heterosexual intercourse. Knowledge of the rates of transmission, the risk factors for transmission, and the effectiveness of preventive methods is essential for both ...

Vasomotor hot flashes occur commonly in menopausal women. In addition, they are the most frequent side effect associated with the antiestrogen drug tamoxifen¹. The cause of vasomotor symptoms is not entirely understood. Casper and Yen² have hypothesized ...

Tyrosinemia type I is an autosomal recessive disorder of amino acid metabolism and is caused by a deficiency of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase, the last enzyme in the catabolic pathway of tyrosine¹–⁴. The accumulation of hepatotoxic metabolites of tyrosine ...

Treatment with cyclosporine after kidney transplantation has substantially improved graft survival¹–⁵. Despite this improvement, however, patients treated with cyclosporine tend to have impaired renal function⁴–⁶. Cyclosporine nephrotoxicity also occurs ...

Figure 1. Acute Bacterial Meningitis.

A basal view of the brain of a 76-year-old man who died of acute Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis is shown. A thick, purulent exudate (black arrow) obscures the ventral aspect of the brain stem, encasing the ...

Renal transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with end-stage renal disease. Better comprehension of the rejection response, improved preservation of organs, judicious use of cyclosporine, the application of antilymphocyte agents for the ...

The resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin and other antimicrobial agents is increasing in many parts of the world. The frequency of erythromycin resistance in parts of Europe¹ and, to a lesser extent, in the United States² limits the ...

Presentation of Case

A 74-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of diarrhea with recurrent dehydration and severe weight loss.

There was a history of an “irritable colon” for many years, manifested by intermittent diarrhea that usually ...

The spread of the epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection worldwide depends on the probability of transmission during sexual intercourse between men and women. Globally, the majority of cases of HIV infection are spread heterosexually, ...

Maintaining a balance between adequate immunosuppression to prevent the rejection of an allograft and excessive immunosuppression, with its attendant risks of opportunistic infections and neoplasia, has always been the quintessential challenge for the ...

Is it ethical to use a placebo? The answer to this question will depend, I suggest, upon whether there is already available an orthodox treatment of proved or accepted value. If there is such an orthodox treatment the question will hardly arise, for the ...

To the Editor: In regard to the report by Ohto et al. (March 17 issue),¹ it would be interesting to know whether the rates of vertical transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) differ according to whether the infants were breast-fed. Was HCV RNA detected ...

To the Editor: Misiani and colleagues (March 17 issue)¹ conclude that the therapeutic efficacy of interferon alfa-2a in cryoglobulinemia associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is closely related to the drug's antiviral activity. However, the authors do ...

To the Editor: The Italian Cooperative Study Group on Chronic Myeloid Leukemia demonstrated the substantial benefit of interferon in a compelling fashion (March 24 issue),¹ but the cost of therapy in the interferon group was 200 times higher than that in ...

To the Editor: Olivotto and colleagues (March 24 issue)¹ attempt to isolate the effects of policies regarding treatment by choosing single years in which other factors that might influence survival, such as screening activity, are thought to be ...

To the Editor: Opelz and Wujciak and their colleagues are to be congratulated for maintaining a multicenter registry in the Collaborative Transplant Study (March 24 issue)¹. However, before their recommendations for realigning the organ-delivery system ...

To the Editor: The long-awaited report of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group, presented by Klahr et al. (March 31 issue),¹ lacks some key information needed to interpret the results, particularly those of study 1, which showed small ...

To the Editor: Chlamydia pneumoniae causes respiratory¹ and nonrespiratory²,³ clinical syndromes. We describe a case of pneumonia caused by C. pneumoniae and associated with meningoencephalitis.

An 18-year-old man who had been in good health had malaise, ...

To the Editor: Beliefs about condoms are powerful correlates of condom use among adolescents,¹ adults,² heterosexuals,³ injection-drug users,⁴ and homosexual men⁵. However, information on these beliefs is scant. Using data from a probability-based ...

I don't know about you, but I'm starting to worry about my image. In the past I never really thought that much about it, but now, thanks to the advent of managed care, image is becoming the most important part of the practice of medicine. And that has me ...

This book should be read and used as a resource by all who engage in research with children, by members of institutional review boards, and by people who evaluate grant applications. It will also interest many others who are concerned about the well-being ...

Child Abuse: Medical Diagnosis and Management sets a new standard for scholarly, unbiased, and well-balanced writing about child abuse. The editor and 25 contributors provide state-of-the-art reviews on child sexual abuse, head trauma, ocular signs of ...

The title of this book suggests a daunting task: to review perinatal and pediatric pathophysiology. I must say I was doubtful that this could be done comprehensively in only 760 pages. However, Peter Gluckman and Michael Heymann, the editors, have ...

Hepatology has enjoyed remarkable advances in the past 10 to 15 years because of tremendous progress in diagnostic capabilities, knowledge of the molecular basis of liver disease, and medical and surgical therapies. Somewhat less obvious but equally ...

Nutrition has always been of major interest to the pediatrician and neonatologist, and several books on pediatric nutrition have been published over the past two decades. However, none have been devoted solely to the nutrition of the normal infant. This ...

Prenatal Diagnosis -- Why Is 35 a Magic Number? Editorial, N Engl J Med 1994:330;1151-1152.. On page 1151, in the left-hand column, 19 lines from the bottom, the phrase, “and avoid the loss of 14,000 fetuses unaffected by trisomy 21,” should have read “...