In the search for practical methods to prevent breast cancer, lactation has a strong appeal as a potentially modifiable factor. Nonetheless, the association between lactation and the risk of breast cancer remains uncertain. In several recent case-control ...

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a unique RNA virus that requires a helper function provided by hepatitis B virus (HBV) for replication¹–³. Thus, HDV can replicate only in people who are also infected with HBV⁴. Infection with HDV may result in either acute ...

Since the late 1940s, many communities in the United States have adjusted the fluoride concentration in their water systems to prevent dental caries¹. Numerous studies attest to the effectiveness and safety of maintaining fluoride concentrations in the ...

Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation cures over 50 percent of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) when performed during the chronic phase of the disease¹,². This response is related to both the conditioning regimen and the graft-versus-leukemia ...

The Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome¹ is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by microcephaly, poor growth, easily recognized dysmorphic facies (anteverted nares, ptosis of eyelids, and micrognathia), limb abnormalities (especially syndactyly of the ...

Figure 1. Diaper Diagnosis of Porphyria.

A blood- and urine-soaked diaper from a neonate with organomegaly, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and cutaneous blisters was photographed under ambient light with a flash apparatus (Panel A) and under Wood's ...

Pelvic inflammatory disease refers to infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and adjacent pelvic structures that is not associated with surgery or pregnancy. It is also known as salpingitis. This is an important infection, particularly among ...

Testosterone, the principal circulating androgen, acts directly in many tissues. To be active in the prostate and skin, testosterone must be converted to dihydrotestosterone by the enzyme 5α-reductase (Figure 1). Most dihydrotestosterone in the prostate ...

Presentation of Case

A 31-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of severe mitral regurgitation with congestive failure.

He was well until the age of 16 years, when dyspnea and a cough developed, with a bout of syncope. A diagnosis of ...

Two decades ago the relation of certain reproductive characteristics to the risk of breast cancer appeared to be well established. Nulliparity, an early age at menarche, an older age at menopause, and an older age at the first full-term pregnancy were ...

Over the past five years, the Journal has published the results of several controlled trials of interferon alfa in the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis. The first three concerned hepatitis C¹,² and hepatitis B³; interferon alfa is now widely used for ...

To the Editor: The articles by Keil et al.¹ and Pappas et al.,² the editorial by Angell,³ and the Sounding Board by Hurowitz⁴ (July 8 issue) deal with the relation between life expectancy and socioeconomic factors. One explanation may be an inverse ...

To the Editor: Warrell et al. (July 15 issue)¹ do an excellent job of correlating the molecular and clinical aspects of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Less convincing, however, is their attribution of a “syndrome characterized by fever, respiratory ...

To the Editor: Johnson et al. (Aug. 5 issue)¹ found that oral pilocarpine improved saliva production and relieved the symptoms of xerostomia after irradiation for cancer of the head and neck. They state that other drugs have no proved clinical benefit.

...

To the Editor: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease and of hepatocellular carcinoma. Several strains of HCV exist; distinct genotypes can be identified by sequence comparison of the viral genomes.¹ Recent evidence that the ...

To the Editor: In his editorial (Aug. 5 issue),¹ Dr. Gautier reviewed the causes and mechanisms of amaurosis fugax. He included atherosclerosis and other lesions of the internal carotid artery as the main possible cause, especially in patients over 40 ...

To the Editor: In their Sounding Board article Paris et al. (July 29 issue)¹ quote a sentence from a lengthy chapter on biomedical ethics that I wrote for a recent textbook of critical care medicine; on the face of it, this looks as though my writings ...

To the Editor: Kaposi's sarcoma was an enigma to Dr. Kaposi in 1872, and it is an enigma still. Case 34-1993 (Aug. 26 issue)¹ concerning Kaposi's sarcoma ends with a pathological discussion. There is a long-standing scholarly debate about whether this ...

The past several decades have seen growing interest in and concern about the health of adolescents. The initial focus on describing the health problems of young people and reactive treatment strategies has recently evolved into growing attention to the ...

Pediatric Dermatology and Dermatopathology is the second in a series that will total four volumes. Volume I, published in 1990, contained 28 topics, beginning with acanthosis nigricans and ending with cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita. Volume II ...

Frequently a multiauthored book suffers from inconsistency of writing and lack of continuity. Waller and Harvey, however, have compiled a concise textbook on the cardiovascular evaluation of the athlete and have provided each chapter with clinical pearls ...

This long-awaited atlas of liver histopathology is a superb and a fitting memorial to Dr. Gerald Klatskin, one of the founding fathers of modern hepatology. Known affectionately as “the Klat” to several generations of Yale house staff members and ...

The theme of this collection of chapters is advertised as “multiple systems organ failure.” The syndrome is described as developing in 15 percent of patients admitted to intensive care units and as having a mortality rate exceeding 50 percent. It is an ...

A Preliminary Report Comparing Magnetic Resonance Coronary Angiography with Conventional Angiography Original Article, N Engl J Med 1993:328;828-832.. On page 830, in the right-hand column, line 3 of the text, the phrase “with an incidence of” should have ...

The Effect of Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme Inhibition on Diabetic Nephropathy Original Article, N Engl J Med 1993:329;1456-1462.. Dr. Narid R. Farid, Memorial University of Newfoundland, should have been listed in the Appendix as one of the members of ...