Since late 1989, several investigators in this country and abroad have reported unusual cases of severe opportunistic infections and CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia in the absence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection¹–¹². In July 1992, additional cases ...

It is now clear that infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)¹ or type 2 (HIV-2)² can result in the depletion of CD4+ T-helper lymphocytes and the development of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)³. However, Kaposi's sarcoma ...

Low CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts are rare in the absence of immunosuppressive therapy or diseases associated with immunodeficiency, most commonly infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In recent years, case reports describing persons with ...

The recently recognized immunodeficiency syndrome of idiopathic CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia¹,² was defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to include depressed numbers of circulating CD4+ T lymphocytes (<300 cells per cubic millimeter ...

The adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by intrapulmonary shunting that results in arterial hypoxemia,¹ and by acute pulmonary arterial hypertension due to vasoconstriction and widespread occlusion of the pulmonary microvasculature^...

Congenital pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is an uncommon cause of respiratory failure in full-term newborns¹–⁴. Although its histopathological appearance is similar to that of the alveolar proteinosis observed in older children and adults,⁵ the congenital ...

Figure 1. Cholelithiasis and Choledocholithiasis.

An endoscopic retrograde cholangiogram from a 20-year-old woman with pain in the right upper quadrant and jaundice reveals stones in the left and right hepatic ducts (open arrows) and the common bile duct (...

Gallstones are a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. In the United States alone, the diagnosis and treatment of gallstone disease accounted for more than $5 billion in direct costs in 1990, including a half million ...

Presentation of Case

A 69-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of pain in the right thigh and fever.

The patient was in good health until approximately one week earlier, when urinary frequency developed and a potential urinary tract ...

The devastating global impact of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has greatly sensitized the public to the threat of new microbes that are capable of wreaking havoc on the world's population. It is not surprising, therefore, that the ...

In the 26 years since Ashbaugh et al.¹ first described the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), we have progressed considerably in our understanding of the pathogenesis of this disorder. Unfortunately, we have made much less progress in our ability ...

On the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the Acoustical Society of America in June 1954, Dean Vern Knudsen of the University of California at Los Angeles observed that the maximal noise levels of daily living had increased about 1 dB per year over the ...

Before they participate in a screening program, patients must give informed consent. To do so, they need to understand the risk of a false positive result and the invasive procedures that may follow it. Rather than merely transmit expert recommendations, ...

To the Editor: Laurence and coworkers,¹ as well as others,²,³ have reported that the depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes may be associated with AIDS-defining or other severe illnesses in persons without identifiable human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ...

To the Editor: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study is an ongoing study of gay and bisexual men seen every six months since 1984¹. To assess the prevalence of idiopathic CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia²,³ in this population, we studied 2713 men who were seronegative ...

To the Editor: In my primary care internal medicine practice, the most common symptoms that I hear of from men with prostatic hyperplasia are nocturia and urinary frequency. Could Dr. Gormley and his colleagues (Oct. 22 issue)¹ comment on why these ...

To the Editor: The article by Coe et al. on the treatment of renal stones (Oct. 15 issue)¹ provides an excellent summary, clearly defining a thorough approach to treating patients with this disorder. The ease and economy with which their care may be ...

To the Editor: Cobb et al. (Oct. 8 issue)¹ reported on a trial of scheduled replacement of central venous catheters that compared catheter replacement after three days at a new puncture site with replacement using guide-wire-assisted exchanges. The ...

To the Editor: We have previously described an increased frequency of the δF₅₀₈ mutation of the cystic fibrosis gene in a group of patients with congenital absence of the vas deferens¹. This suggested that patients heterozygous for the δF₅₀₈ mutation may ...

To the Editor: All areas of medical research are being affected by the explosion of knowledge and technology in the fields of cellular and molecular biology, which in turn is changing the priorities of medical research institutions with respect to ...

One of the most profound changes in the American health care system wrought by the AIDS epidemic has been in the drug-development process. In Against the Odds, health economist Peter Arno and health writer Karyn Feiden have written a thorough, well-...

This series of essays, appearing at the beginning of the second decade of the AIDS epidemic, provides vivid details of how grass-roots efforts and governmental agencies in 11 industrialized nations have responded to many of the challenges posed by AIDS. ...

Stephen Joseph was commissioner of health in New York City from 1986 to 1990 during the administration of Mayor Edward Koch. Confronted by the AIDS epidemic, Joseph chose to make it his issue, adopting a posture that was in striking contrast to that of ...

As Paul Ahmed notes in the preface to Living and Dying with AIDS, HIV illness confronts the fundamental existential issue of the desire to live and die with dignity. One of the almost inevitable shortcomings of most articles or books about HIV infection ...

This brief book contains 12 articles presented at a one-day conference on HIV and surgical care sponsored by the Royal College of Surgeons of England in 1991. The topics covered include epidemiology, counseling, testing, sterilization, clinical ...

In keeping with the rapid changes in our knowledge of the biology of HIV, its pathophysiology, and the treatment and prevention of AIDS, the second edition of this book contains several new chapters. A few chapters from the first edition (for example, ...

Anorectal diseases are among the most frustrating problems encountered in patients with AIDS, particularly homosexual men who practice anoreceptive intercourse. This book brings together chapters by clinicians and clinical scientists from the United ...