OVER 1 million persons in the United States are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).¹ Routine testing for HIV, with counseling of those who test positive, has been advocated as an effective public health response to the epidemic.² There ...

BACTERIAL meningitis affects an estimated 15,000 infants and children in the United States each year.¹ The case fatality rates for these patients range from 5 to 10 percent, and as many as 25 to 50 percent of those who survive have long-term sequelae.² In ...

THE rate of premature birth has not decreased appreciably in the United States over the past 30 years. For the majority of women, the cause of premature delivery is not understood. Although a few specific pathogens cause fetal infection and premature ...

OTITIS media is second only to simple upper respiratory infection as the disease most frequently seen by pediatricians.^{1 , 2} Mycobacterial species once played a prominent part in the causation of chronic otitis media; in 1915 Turner and Fraser reported ...

WHEN patients with cirrhosis of the liver start to bleed from ruptured esophageal varices, they stand a 40 percent chance of dying of the initial bleeding episode.^{1 2 3 4} If they survive the initial episode, their probability of remaining alive for one ...

ACTIVATION of cellular oncogenes by chromosomal translocation has been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of several cancers. One of the most striking examples of this phenomenon occurs in leukemias involving the Philadelphia (Ph¹) chromosome. The Ph^...

ORNITHINE TRANSCARBAMYLASE (OTC) is the X-linked enzyme that catalyzes the condensation of carbamyl phosphate and ornithine, forming citrulline in the urea cycle. Its activity in the mitochondria of liver cells is essential for the detoxification of ...

Presentation of Case

A 35-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of a pelvic mass, a productive cough, and known pulmonary adenocarcinomatous metastases.

She was well until two months earlier, when a cough developed, worsened progressively, ...

There is reason for concern about the false positive rate in testing for antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Even when the specificity of a test is high, some persons who are truly without disease will nevertheless test positive. In ...

Most meningitis that occurs in the United States cannot be prevented with a vaccine. Haemophilus influenzae remains the primary etiologic agent, with Streptococcus pneumoniae a distant second and Neisseria meningitidis third. Although there has been a ...

No extract is available for articles shorter than 400 words.

No extract is available for articles shorter than 400 words.

To the Editor: In the article on prophylactic sclerotherapy (March 31 issue),¹ it may be true that sclerotherapy had no effect, but Santangelo et al. have not adequately eliminated the possibility that a Type II error accounted for the negative results.

...

To the Editor: In the late 1960s, hemophilia treatment was dramatically altered with the discovery of cryoprecipitate. By the mid-1970s, clotting-factor concentrates became readily available, providing additional treatment options. However, product ...

To the Editor: Perinatal infections have been recognized as the chief cause of HIV disease in children for several years. The Centers for Disease Control in 1985¹ and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists in 1987² have advocated ...

No extract is available for articles shorter than 400 words.

No extract is available for articles shorter than 400 words.

To the Editor: The expansion of activated, antigen-reactive T-cell populations is dependent on the sequential induction and expression of interleukin-2 (T-cell growth factor) and the interleukin-2 receptor, and the subsequent binding of interleukin-2 to ...

To the Editor: The randomized trial of early hospital discharge after myocardial infarction reported by Topol et al. (April 28 issue)* leaves important questions unanswered regarding one of the major end points — cost savings. Sixty percent (303 of 507) ...

To the Editor: Computer-assisted literature searches are sometimes the most important diagnostic studies performed for patients. Today, many physicians use the literature search as a medical decision-making tool comparable to the orthopedist's ...

No extract is available for articles shorter than 400 words.

ON June 2, 1988, Retired Admiral James D. Watkins, chairman of the President's Commission on AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), called for a federal law barring discrimination against those who are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (...

Urban public health in 19th-century America underwent dramatic changes in response to population growth, immigration, and social stratification. The expansion of industrial capitalism brought large groups of foreign workers to American cities, and these ...

Since 1898 Manson's Tropical Diseases has been a standard textbook in the United Kingdom. Sir Patrick edited the first 6 editions, and his son-in-law, Sir Philip Manson-Bahr, the next 10 editions. Then P.E.C. Manson-Bahr assumed responsibility. Now with ...

There are three major occupational-medicine textbooks in English, and two have now appeared in new editions. Hunter's Diseases of Occupations (the British standard since 1955) has not been updated since 1978. On this side of the ocean, the new edition of ...

In 1987 there were over 13 million people who were refugees or otherwise displaced somewhere in the world. Although the medical problems of these refugees include serious infectious diseases, there are many other dimensions to their medical care. Clinics ...

This fine book reflects not only the author's training in ophthalmic pathology, clinical oncology, and orbital surgery, but also his thoughtful approach to a wide variety of orbital diseases. Unlike other books on this subject, it is by a single author ...

No extract is available for articles shorter than 400 words.

Heckenlively and coauthors undertake to catalogue the "group of heredofamilial diseases characterized by progressive visual loss, night blindness, and abnormal or nonrecordable electroretinogram" known collectively as retinitis pigmentosa. Heckenlively ...

Medicine

Ineffective Erythropoiesis: A probability phenomenon. By F. Di Pietrantonj. 112 pp. Padua, Italy, Piccin, 1987. $20.

Inflammatory Diseases of Muscle. Edited by Frank L. Mastaglia. 203 pp., illustrated. Boston, Blackwell Scientific, 1988. $93. (...

JOHNS HOPKINS MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS

A program, entitled "Planning and Implementing a Smoke-Free Policy in a Health-Care Facility," will be offered in Baltimore on Nov. 18.

Contact Office of Cont. Educ, Johns Hopkins Medical Insts., Turner 22, 720 Rutland ...