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Perspective
Performance Improvement in Health Care — Seizing the Moment
We have an unprecedented opportunity to create a high-performance health system in the United States. Recent statutes, including the Affordable Care Act, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, and the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act, provide the federal…
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Perspective
Beyond the “R Word”? Medicine's New Frugality
Quietly, Washington policymakers have begun to concede the need to weigh health care's benefits against its costs if our country is to avert fiscal ruin. That costs must be counted against benefits is common sense in other domains — and among health policy professionals. But it's anathema in…
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Perspective

Primary Care Update — Light at the End of the Tunnel?
Primary care physicians, long in the doldrums over their incomes and challenging work–life balance, may be heartened by recent steps taken by policymakers and payers signaling the increased recognition of the foundational role they could play in a restructured health care delivery system. Hopeful…
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Perspective

Lost in Translation — ¿Cómo se dice, “Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act”?
The political seas roiled by the Affordable Care Act (ACA) have grown more volatile in the 2 years since its passage. Whether it is the constitutionality of the insurance mandate, the economic feasibility of the Medicaid expansion, or controversy over the conscience clauses, much has been said and…
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Perspective
Controlling Health Care Spending — The Massachusetts Experiment
As debate rages on about implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), national attention is once again focused on Massachusetts, which instituted a similar comprehensive health care reform package in 2006. After expanding health insurance coverage to almost 98% of the state population,…
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Special Article
Shattuck Lecture: A Successful and Sustainable Health System — How to Get There from Here
A new type of thinking is essential if mankind is to survive and move toward higher levels. — Albert Einstein America's health system is neither as successful as it should be nor as sustainable as it must be. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA) introduces the prospects…
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Perspective
Supreme Court Review of the Health Care Reform Law
Later this month, the U.S. Supreme Court will examine the constitutionality of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), potentially producing a landmark decision. For most cases, the Supreme Court allocates 1 hour for oral argument — 30 minutes for each side. For the health care reform case, the Court has…
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Perspective
Fair Enough? Inviting Inequities in State Health Benefits
The Obama administration scored a political point in December with its bulletin on essential health benefits, appeasing critics of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) by giving states the right to determine what those benefits should be. The proposal is politically savvy. But is it fair? The ACA…
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Perspective
The Value of Federalism in Defining Essential Health Benefits
The promise of nearly universal health insurance coverage embodied in the Affordable Care Act (ACA) has meaning in part because it is tied to a minimum set of covered services called essential health benefits (EHBs). Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius surprised the health care…
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Perspective
The Fate of Health Care Reform — What to Expect in 2012
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA) is arguably the most significant health legislation enacted in generations. As remarkable a political and policy achievement as it was, what the reform will actually accomplish is largely yet to be determined. Whether it slows the growth…
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Perspective
Expanding Eligibility, Cutting Costs — A Medicaid Update
Medicaid is the foundation of a vast expansion of publicly funded health insurance authorized by the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Since federal and state governments share administrative and funding responsibilities for the program, striking acceptable balances has been a source of tension since…
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Perspective
Building the Path to Accountable Care
The recent release of the regulations that will govern the early years of Medicare's implementation of accountable care organizations (ACOs) provides an important moment to reflect on the transition to this new payment model, which offers health care providers flexible financial support for…
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Correspondence
Contraception in Primary Care — Embracing the Institute of Medicine Challenge
To the Editor: On July 19, the Institute of Medicine released a historic report outlining key preventive health services for women to be covered by insurers under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) without consumer cost sharing. Particularly notable was the report's inclusion of contraception, with the…
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Special Report
Implementation of the Federal Health Information Technology Initiative
PART TWO OF TWO Presented as the 36th annual Joseph Garland Lecture of the Boston Medical Library on October 25, 2011. Dr. Garland was editor-in-chief of the Journal from 1947 through 1967. In the spring of 2009, the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) faced a daunting project: to lead…
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Special Report
Wiring the Health System — Origins and Provisions of a New Federal Program
PART ONE OF TWO Presented as the 36th annual Joseph Garland Lecture of the Boston Medical Library on October 25, 2011. Dr. Garland was editor-in-chief of the Journal from 1947 through 1967. In February 2009, the U.S. government launched an unprecedented effort to reengineer the way the country…
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Perspective
Defining Essential Health Benefits — The View from the IOM Committee
When Congress enacted the Affordable Care Act (ACA), it mandated that a broad package of "essential health benefits" (EHBs) equivalent to that of a "typical employer plan" be offered by qualified health plans participating in newly created state-based insurance exchanges, as well as by new plans…
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Perspective
Not So Fast — Jurisdictional Barriers to the ACA Litigation
The Affordable Care Act (ACA) has been under attack in the federal courts for the entire 18 months of its existence. Approximately 30 lawsuits have been filed challenging the law, and review by the Supreme Court by June 2012 now appears likely, given the government's petition for such review filed…
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Perspective
Massachusetts' Health Care Reform and Emergency Department Utilization
Does an expansion of health insurance increase or decrease use of the emergency department (ED)? Both predictions can be justified logically. On the one hand, research on patient cost sharing predicts that by reducing the out-of-pocket costs of an ED visit, expanded insurance coverage, especially…
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Perspective
Health Care Reform and the Health Care Workforce — The Massachusetts Experience
In 2006, Massachusetts enacted legislation to provide universal health insurance coverage that later served as a model for the national health care reform legislation passed in 2010. Phased in during 2007, the Massachusetts Health Care Reform Plan offered insurance subsidies for low-income…
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Perspective
Moving beyond Parity — Mental Health and Addiction Care under the ACA
Enactment of the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act in 2008 was the culmination of a decades-long effort to improve insurance coverage for mental health and addiction treatment. The law's passage constituted a critical first step toward bringing care for people with mental health and…
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