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Special Article
Shattuck Lecture: A Successful and Sustainable Health System — How to Get There from Here
A new type of thinking is essential if mankind is to survive and move toward higher levels. — Albert Einstein America's health system is neither as successful as it should be nor as sustainable as it must be. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA) introduces the prospects…
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Perspective
Preparing for Precision Medicine
Ms. H. is a 35-year-old woman from Japan who has had a cough for 3 weeks. Her physician sends her for an x-ray and CT scan that reveal an advanced lesion, which a biopsy confirms to be non–small-cell lung cancer. She has never smoked. Can anything be done for her? Had Ms. H.'s cancer been…
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Special Report
Implementation of the Federal Health Information Technology Initiative
PART TWO OF TWO Presented as the 36th annual Joseph Garland Lecture of the Boston Medical Library on October 25, 2011. Dr. Garland was editor-in-chief of the Journal from 1947 through 1967. In the spring of 2009, the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) faced a daunting project: to lead…
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Special Report
Wiring the Health System — Origins and Provisions of a New Federal Program
PART ONE OF TWO Presented as the 36th annual Joseph Garland Lecture of the Boston Medical Library on October 25, 2011. Dr. Garland was editor-in-chief of the Journal from 1947 through 1967. In February 2009, the U.S. government launched an unprecedented effort to reengineer the way the country…
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Perspective
Evidence-Based Medicine in the EMR Era
Many physicians take great pride in the practice of evidence-based medicine. Modern medical education emphasizes the value of the randomized, controlled trial, and we learn early on not to rely on anecdotal evidence. But the application of such superior evidence, however admirable the ambition, can…
Perspective
Getting Moving on Patient Safety — Harnessing Electronic Data for Safer Care
More than a decade ago, the Institute of Medicine released its famous report To Err Is Human, which set an ambitious agenda for the United States to reduce the number of Americans who were hurt or killed by medical errors and adverse events. In response, a series of new initiatives was launched,…
Special Article
Electronic Health Records and Quality of Diabetes Care
Incentives to increase adoption and meaningful use of electronic health records (EHRs) anticipate a quality-related financial return. However, empirical data showing either quality improvement or cost savings from EHR adoption are scarce. Available studies have shown few quality-related advantages…
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Perspective
Tapping the Unmet Potential of Health Information Technology
Health information technology (HIT) holds promise for facilitating vast improvements in care and, ultimately, in the health of Americans,, but achieving that potential remains a daunting task. A recent article in the Los Angeles Times described the new phenomenon of hiring computer-savvy…
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Perspective
Daring to Practice Low-Cost Medicine in a High-Tech Era
A child with chest pain or tics, a toddler who is limping, a 12-year-old girl with abdominal pain or headaches, an infant whose fever does not respond to antibiotics — these are age-old challenges that pediatricians face. I have been teaching pediatrics to residents and medical students for more…
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Health Law, Ethics, and Human Rights
Medical Malpractice Liability in the Age of Electronic Health Records
Health care providers, policymakers, patients, and payers share the vision of a health care system powered by information technology. The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act of 2009 authorizes grants and incentives totaling an estimated $14 billion to $27…
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Perspective
Finding My Way to Electronic Health Records
The recent oil spill off the Gulf Coast may prove to be one of the great environmental challenges of our lifetime. It is yet another devastating blow to the Gulf region, a place I call home. My heart goes out to the people there who are concerned about how this latest disaster will affect their…
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Perspective
The “Meaningful Use” Regulation for Electronic Health Records
The widespread use of electronic health records (EHRs) in the United States is inevitable. EHRs will improve caregivers' decisions and patients' outcomes. Once patients experience the benefits of this technology, they will demand nothing less from their providers. Hundreds of thousands of…
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Special Report
Information Technology and Global Surveillance of Cases of 2009 H1N1 Influenza
The widespread adoption of increasingly sophisticated forms of information technology has paralleled the increase in rapid and far-reaching international travel. The emergence and global spread of the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus illustrated not only the hazards of an interconnected world,…
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Special Article
Effect of Bar-Code Technology on the Safety of Medication Administration
Medication errors in hospitals are common, and often lead to patient harm. One study identified 6.5 adverse events related to medication use per 100 inpatient admissions; more than one fourth of these events were due to errors and were therefore preventable. Among serious medication errors, about…
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This study from a large academic hospital looked at medication errors before and after the implementation of technology for bar-code electronic medication-administration records. After implementation of the bar-code system, errors in transcription of medication orders were eliminated and errors in medication administration and potential drug-related adverse events were reduced.
Perspective
Can Electronic Clinical Documentation Help Prevent Diagnostic Errors?
The United States is about to invest nearly $50 billion in health information technology (HIT) in an attempt to push the country to a tipping point with respect to the adoption of computerized records, which are expected to improve the quality and reduce the costs of care. A fundamental question is…
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Perspective
Launching HITECH
Information is the lifeblood of modern medicine. Health information technology (HIT) is destined to be its circulatory system. Without that system, neither individual physicians nor health care institutions can perform at their best or deliver the highest-quality care, any more than an Olympian…
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Perspective
Accelerating the Use of Electronic Health Records in Physician Practices
North Shore Hospital System on Long Island in New York recently announced that it will pay an incentive of up to $40,000 to each physician in its network who adopts its electronic health record (EHR) — paying 50% of the cost to physicians who install an EHR that communicates with the hospital and…
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Special Article
Use of Electronic Health Records in U.S. Hospitals
The U.S. health care system faces challenges on multiple fronts, including rising costs and inconsistent quality.– Health information technology, especially electronic health records, has the potential to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of health care providers. Methods to speed the…
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This national survey showed that less than 2% of U.S. hospitals have a comprehensive system of electronic health records across all clinical units. No more than 12% of U.S. hospitals have even a basic electronic-records system in at least one clinical unit. Computerized provider-order entry has been implemented in 16% of hospitals. The primary barriers to the adoption of electronic health records were reported to be the initial capital required and the high cost of maintenance.
Perspective
Stimulating the Adoption of Health Information Technology
The recently enacted stimulus bill — the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) — touches almost every aspect of the U.S. economy. Health care is no exception. In fact, the ARRA is historic health care legislation of the type rarely produced by our famously incremental federal…
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Perspective
Your Doctor's Office or the Internet? Two Paths to Personal Health Records
Mary is 68 years old, has four chronic conditions, takes seven medications, and averages 12 visits per year to her six physicians. In between visits, she spends a lot of time on the telephone with them or their staff — making appointments, requesting prescription renewals and referrals, seeking…
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