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  • Perspective

    Thirty years ago, an intern had a conversation with a patient that he regrets to this day. The patient, a young man with widely metastatic lymphoma, unresponsive to chemotherapy, now had progressive dyspnea. The intern knew that even with intubation, his patient would soon die. Although the norm at…

    • May 3, 2012
    • Lamas D. and Rosenbaum L.
    • N Engl J Med 2012; 366:1655-1657

      Paternalism in discussing resuscitation status has given way to an approach in which patients may be asked to choose from a bewildering array of medical options, but physicians-in-training are rarely taught how to lead such conversations confidently and effectively.

    • Correspondence

      What comes next, you ask As I turn to keep you facing away While your neighbor collects The toothbrush and the shoes And the clothes prefolded After dressing for the last struggle In that room where the monitor is now dark With no line left. Now I will write with black ink only Inside small white…

      • March 29, 2012
      • N Engl J Med 2012; 366:1261
      • Free Full Text

      In this poem, a cardiologist reflects on the experience of a patient's end and on what comes next.

    • Perspective

      It's late in the day in the office of a busy primary care physician, who is relieved to see that his last patient is a woman who, though 86 years old, has multiple stable medical problems and is visiting for her annual exam. The patient is accompanied by her daughter, who helps her mother with…

      • December 8, 2011
      • Smith A.K., Williams B.A., Lo B.
      • N Engl J Med 2011; 365:2149-2151

        Though life expectancy inexorably decreases with advancing age, we tend to avoid discussing overall prognosis with elderly patients who have no dominant terminal illness. But we may thereby undercut patients' ability to make informed choices about their future.

      • Special Article

        Health care transitions, such as the hospitalization of nursing home residents, have the potential for fragmentation of care, changes in the management of chronic diseases, duplication of diagnostic workups, and medical errors.– Few previous reports have described health care transitions among…

        • September 29, 2011
        • Gozalo P., Teno J.M., Mitchell S.L., et al.
        • N Engl J Med 2011; 365:1212-1221
        • Free Full Text

        Among nursing home residents with cognitive impairment, burdensome transitions between the nursing home and the hospital or hospice during the last months of life were common, varied according to state, and were associated with a poor quality of care.

      • Sounding Board

        Annual direct costs for cancer care are projected to rise — from $104 billion in 2006 to over $173 billion in 2020 and beyond. This increase has been driven by a dramatic rise in both the cost of therapy and the extent of care. In the United States, the sales of anticancer drugs are now second…

        • May 26, 2011
        • Smith T.J. and Hillner B.E.
        • N Engl J Med 2011; 364:2060-2065
        • Free Full Text

        The current growth in the cost of cancer care is unsustainable. The authors provide data-driven proposals that have the potential to save money without compromising patient care.

      • Perspective

        New York's Palliative Care Information Act took effect on February 9, 2011. Sponsored by the advocacy group Compassion and Choices New York, the law on its face simply mandates that physicians practice good medicine in caring for patients with a poor prognosis: "If a patient is diagnosed with a…

        • May 19, 2011
        • Astrow A.B. and Popp B.
        • N Engl J Med 2011; 364:1885-1887
        • Free Full Text

        New York's new Palliative Care Information Act mandates that physicians provide terminally ill patients with information and counseling regarding palliative care and end-of-life options. But it seems unlikely to lead to the best end-of-life medical practices.

      • Perspective

        The card, with its picture of a bouquet of flowers, was on my desk when I arrived at the hospital on Monday morning. I opened it, assuming it was a thank-you note from an interviewee for our residency program. But the handwriting was that of an elderly person who had taken the pains to write, with…

        • December 2, 2010
        • Bazari H.
        • N Engl J Med 2010; 363:2187-2189

          The card, with its picture of a bouquet of flowers, was on my desk when I arrived at the hospital on Monday morning. I opened it, assuming it was a thank-you note from an interviewee for our residency program. But the handwriting was that of an elderly ...

        • Original Article

          According to the hypothesis of a compression of morbidity, if the onset of disability could be postponed, then lifetime disability could be compressed into a shorter average period before death. Supporting this hypothesis, data from several large national surveys have shown a decline in disability…

          • April 1, 2010
          • Gill T.M., Gahbauer E.A., Han L., Allore H.G.
          • N Engl J Med 2010; 362:1173-1180
          • Free Full Text

          This longitudinal study involving older adults identified five trajectories during the last year of life: no disability, catastrophic disability, accelerated disability, progressive disability, and persistently severe disability. Most of the subjects who died suddenly had no disability, and most of those who died from advanced dementia had persistently severe disability; however, the course of disability was not predictable for the majority of the subjects, who died from other causes.

        • Editorial

          Twenty years ago, Congress passed the Patient Self-Determination Act, hoping to improve end-of-life care through the use of advance directives. The statute stimulated the development of a cornucopia of planning documents. Patients can sign a living will that states that they do not want their lives…

          • April 1, 2010
          • Gillick M.R.
          • N Engl J Med 2010; 362:1239-1240

            Twenty years ago, Congress passed the Patient Self-Determination Act, hoping to improve end-of-life care through the use of advance directives. The statute stimulated the development of a cornucopia of planning documents. Patients can sign a living will ...

          • Special Article

            Advance directives document patients' wishes with respect to life-sustaining treatment (in a living will), their choice of a surrogate decision maker (in a durable power of attorney for health care), or both. First sanctioned in 1976, advance directives were designed to protect patient autonomy…

            • April 1, 2010
            • Silveira M.J., Kim S.Y.H., Langa K.M.
            • N Engl J Med 2010; 362:1211-1218
            • Free Full Text

            Data from a national study showed that more than one quarter of older adults who died between 2000 and 2006 required decision making at the end of life but lacked decision-making capacity. Most of these subjects had advance directives (living wills, health care proxies, or both) and received care consistent with their preferences. These findings suggest that advance directives are valuable.

          • Original Article

            Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) evolved from a specific intervention applied in limited clinical situations to the default response to cardiac arrest in or out of the hospital, an evolution accompanied by a dramatic decline in survival rates after CPR.– Subsequently, innovations allowing…

            • July 2, 2009
            • Ehlenbach W.J., Barnato A.E., Curtis J.R., et al.
            • N Engl J Med 2009; 361:22-31
            • Free Full Text

            In this longitudinal study of hospitalized Medicare patients, there was no improvement in survival after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) during the period from 1992 through 2005. The overall rate of survival to discharge of patients who underwent in-hospital CPR was 18.3%. Survival after CPR was lower among black patients than among white patients.

          • Perspective

            To ensure that a reluctant medical community would embrace Medicare at its inception in 1965, Congress declared that any willing provider could participate. Since that time, the vast majority of physicians and hospitals have come to rely on Medicare as a major source of revenue. But as additional…

            • June 25, 2009
            • Iglehart J.K.
            • N Engl J Med 2009; 360:2701-2703
            • Free Full Text

            The Medicare Payment Advisory Commission has recommended substantial changes designed to improve the accuracy of Medicare payments to hospices, increase hospice organizations' accountability, and ensure greater involvement by physicians in end-of-life ...

          • Perspective

            More Americans are choosing hospice for end-of-life care, but ironically, hospice patients increasingly are forced to give up effective palliative treatments along with aggressive medical intervention. For Joanne Doolin, a 64-year-old mother of three who spent her last 2 years of life fighting…

            • July 26, 2007
            • Wright A.A. and Katz I.T.
            • N Engl J Med 2007; 357:324-327
            • Free Full Text
            • Audio

            More Americans are choosing hospice for end-of-life care, but ironically, hospice patients increasingly are forced to give up effective palliative treatments along with aggressive medical intervention. Drs. Alexi Wright and Ingrid Katz discuss open-access ...

          • Perspective

            It was Mr. G.'s third exacerbation of congestive heart failure in the past 6 months. Eighty-three years old, he had New York Heart Association class IV heart failure, end-stage coronary artery disease, and insulin-dependent diabetes. Although he had never wanted to be put on a ventilator, this time…

            • July 26, 2007
            • Gazelle G.
            • N Engl J Med 2007; 357:321-324
            • Free Full Text
            • Audio

            Dr. Gail Gazelle writes that hospice care is now considered part of mainstream medicine, as evidenced by growing patient enrollment and Medicare expenditures. But despite its increased use, many aspects of hospice care are still misunderstood by both ...

          • Perspective

            I recently helped my father to die. He was an engineer, independent, always on the go and in charge. He began to deteriorate rapidly from an ill-defined dementing illness, and his confusion and intermittent agitation did not respond to the standard treatments that were tried. He had made his wishes…

            • May 13, 2004
            • Quill T.E.
            • N Engl J Med 2004; 350:2029-2032

              I recently helped my father to die. He was an engineer, independent, always on the go and in charge. He began to deteriorate rapidly from an ill-defined dementing illness, and his confusion and intermittent agitation did not respond to the standard ...

            • Review Article

              Each year in the United States, approximately 50,000 children die and 500,000 children cope with life-threatening conditions. Worldwide these numbers are in the millions. Such children and their families require comprehensive, compassionate, and developmentally appropriate palliative care.…

              • April 22, 2004
              • Himelstein B.P., Hilden J.M., Boldt A.M., Weissman D.
              • N Engl J Med 2004; 350:1752-1762

                Each year, 500,000 children in the United States cope with life-threatening illness. These children and their families require comprehensive, compassionate, and developmentally appropriate palliative care. This review article discusses pediatric palliative care, which should intersect with the aims of curing and healing and become instrumental for improving quality of life.

              • Perspective

                Researcher Linda Ganzini, M.D. says she was "stunned" after tallying the questionnaire results reported in this issue of the Journal (pages 359–365): Among the hospice nurses in Oregon who were surveyed, nearly twice as many had cared for patients who chose voluntary refusal of food and fluids to…

                • July 24, 2003
                • Jacobs S.
                • N Engl J Med 2003; 349:325-326

                  Researcher Linda Ganzini, M.D., says she was “stunned” after tallying the questionnaire results reported in this issue of the Journal (pages 359–365): Among the hospice nurses in Oregon who were surveyed, nearly twice as many had cared for patients who ...

                • Special Article

                  Studies of terminally ill patients show that a small proportion of them would choose physician-assisted suicide or euthanasia for reasons of hopelessness, depression, feeling unappreciated, a sense of the meaninglessness of continued existence, readiness to die, and fear of loss of independence and…

                  • July 24, 2003
                  • Ganzini L., Goy E.R., Miller L.L., et al.
                  • N Engl J Med 2003; 349:359-365
                  • Free Full Text

                  In Oregon, 102 hospice nurses reported having cared for a patient who decided to stop eating and drinking, usually because the patient was ready to die. Most of these patients died within 15 days, and most died without excess suffering.

                • Special Article

                  The Death with Dignity Act legalizes physician-assisted suicide for terminally ill persons in Oregon who request it. Since the law was enacted in 1997, most information about patients who receive prescriptions for lethal medications has come from interviews with and surveys of physicians.– These…

                  • August 22, 2002
                  • Ganzini L., Harvath T.A., Jackson A., et al.
                  • N Engl J Med 2002; 347:582-588
                  • Free Full Text

                  Physician-assisted suicide was legalized in Oregon with the passage of the Death with Dignity Act in 1997. Seventy-one of the 91 patients who have died by assisted suicide received hospice care. This study reports the results of a survey of hospice nurses and social workers about patients who received prescriptions for lethal medications. Like physicians who responded to a similar survey, hospice nurses and social workers reported that patients chose assisted suicide because they wished to control the circumstances of death, not because they were depressed, lacked social support, or were concerned about being a financial burden. As compared with other hospice patients and their families, patients who received prescriptions for lethal medications appeared to have less pain, depression, and anxiety, and their family caregivers appeared to be less burdened.

                • Correspondence

                  To the Editor: The National Hospice Organization welcomes the announcement of a new diagnostic code for palliative care and the possible development of a special diagnosis-related group (DRG) that would allow payment for end-of-life care in the hospital. Drs. Cassel and Vladeck correctly point out…

                  • April 3, 1997
                  • N Engl J Med 1997; 336:1029-1030
                  • Free Full Text

                  To the Editor: The National Hospice Organization welcomes the announcement of a new diagnostic code for palliative care and the possible development of a special diagnosis-related group (DRG) that would allow payment for end-of-life care in the hospital. ...

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                Medical Meetings Pediatrics Conferences and Meetings

                2012 Certifying Examinations of the American Board of Pediatrics

                The general pediatrics examination will be held in various cities, Oct. 16-18. Registration for first-time applicants is ongoing through May 3. Registration for re-registrants is ongoing through May 24. The following subspecialty examinations will be held in various cities: "Hospice and Palliative Medicine" (Oct. 4); "Pediatric Transplant Hepatology" (Oct. 11); "Pediatric Cardiology" (Nov. 7); "Pediatric Pulmonology" (Nov. 8); "Medical Toxicology" (Nov. 12); and "Pediatric Critical Care Medicine" (Nov. 14). Registration for first-time applicants is ongoing through April 30. Registration for re-registrants is ongoing through June 15.

                Contact the American Board of Pediatrics, 111 Silver Cedar Court, Chapel Hill, NC 27514-1513; or call (919) 929-0461; or fax (919) 918-7114 or (919) 929-9255; or see http://www.abp.org .

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