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  • Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital

    Presentation of Case. Dr. Steven Jay Isakoff (Hematology–Oncology): A 32-year-old woman was seen in the outpatient cancer center at this hospital because of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the right breast. The patient had been well until 2 months before admission, when she became aware of a…

    • May 24, 2012
    • Baselga J., Smith B.L., Rafferty E.A., Bombonati A.
    • N Engl J Med 2012; 366:2018-2026
    • CME

    A 32-year-old woman noted a crease in her right breast. Imaging studies showed a suspicious mass, and a biopsy specimen revealed infiltrating ductal carcinoma, positive for HER2. Staging showed liver lesions consistent with metastases. Management decisions were made.

  • Original Article

    Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for patients with hormone-receptor (HR)–positive advanced breast cancer. In postmenopausal patients, aromatase inhibitors (e.g. letrozole and anastrozole) have become the treatment of choice in first-line therapy.– Unfortunately, not all…

    • February 9, 2012
    • Baselga J., Campone M., Piccart M., et al.
    • N Engl J Med 2012; 366:520-529

      Resistance to hormone therapy through activation of cellular pathways involving mTOR can develop in postmenopausal hormone-receptor–positive breast cancer. Adding an mTOR inhibitor to an aromatase inhibitor improved outcomes in patients who had disease progression during hormone therapy.

    • Original Article

      The efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, as measured by the rate of pathological complete response (the absence of invasive and intraductal disease in the breast and the axillary lymph nodes), varies according to breast-cancer subtype. When anthracyclines, taxanes, and agents directed against…

      • January 26, 2012
      • von Minckwitz G., Eidtmann H., Rezai M., et al.
      • N Engl J Med 2012; 366:299-309
      • CME

      Bevacizumab added to neoadjuvant combination chemotherapy increased the rate of pathological complete response among patients with HER-2-negative early-stage breast cancer. The effect was greatest in patients with the poorest prognosis, those with so-called triple-negative tumors.

    • Editorial

      The results of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) B-40 trial and the GeparQuinto (GBG44) trial, both of which are reported in this issue of the Journal, are particularly timely given the definitive announcement by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on November 18,…

      • January 26, 2012
      • Montero A.J. and Vogel C.
      • N Engl J Med 2012; 366:374-375

        The results of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) B-40 trial1 and the GeparQuinto (GBG44) trial,2 both of which are reported in this issue of the Journal, are particularly timely given the definitive announcement by the Food ...

      • Images in Clinical Medicine

        Figure 1.

        • January 26, 2012
        • Saeed H. and Massarweh S.
        • N Engl J Med 2012; 366:360
        • Free Full Text

        A 56-year-old female smoker presented with cough, a weight loss of 27 kg, and diffuse bone pain. There was digital clubbing, and the palms had a raised, velvety texture. There was a fixed, tender lump (4 cm in diameter) on the right lower leg and one over the lower lumbar spine.

      • Original Article

        Neoadjuvant chemotherapy has become established as a reasonable alternative to adjuvant chemotherapy for operable breast cancer, since it can increase the rates of breast-conserving surgery– and decrease the need for complete axillary lymph-node dissection.– Neoadjuvant chemotherapy also offers…

        • January 26, 2012
        • Bear H.D., Tang G., Rastogi P., et al.
        • N Engl J Med 2012; 366:310-320

          The addition of bevacizumab to neoadjuvant combination chemotherapy significantly increased the percentage of patients with a pathological complete response. The effect was stronger in the estrogen-receptor–positive subgroup than in the hormone-receptor–negative subgroup.

        • Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital

          Presentation of Case. Dr. Susan K. Mathai (Internal Medicine): A 63-year-old woman was admitted to this hospital because of rapidly progressive respiratory failure. The patient had a history of Poland syndrome (agenesis of the right breast, pectoralis muscle, and the third and fourth costal…

          • January 19, 2012
          • Kotton D.N., Muse V.V., Nishino M.
          • N Engl J Med 2012; 366:259-269

            A 63-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of respiratory failure. She had a history of granulomatous polyangiitis and a breast implant that had recently become painful. Imaging revealed bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and a soft-tissue mass extending from the implant through the chest wall.

          • Original Article

            Approximately 20% of all breast cancers have gene amplification or overexpression (or both) of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), a tyrosine kinase transmembrane receptor, resulting in a more aggressive phenotype and a poor prognosis. Treatment with the anti-HER2 humanized monoclonal…

            • January 12, 2012
            • Baselga J., Cortés J., Kim S.-B., et al.
            • N Engl J Med 2012; 366:109-119

              Pertuzumab, an anti-HER2 antibody, recognizes a different epitope of HER2 than does trastuzumab and behaves differently. In patients with metastatic breast cancer, the combination of the two antibodies plus docetaxel significantly increased progression-free survival.

            • Editorial

              Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer is a distinct subset of breast cancer characterized by overexpression of the HER2 protein. Clinically, HER2-positive tumors are associated with a more aggressive phenotype and poor outcomes. With the introduction of trastuzumab,…

              • January 12, 2012
              • Gradishar W.J.
              • N Engl J Med 2012; 366:176-178

                Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer is a distinct subset of breast cancer characterized by overexpression of the HER2 protein. Clinically, HER2-positive tumors are associated with a more aggressive phenotype and poor ...

              • Clinical Problem-Solving

                Foreword. In this Journal feature, information about a real patient is presented in stages (boldface type) to an expert clinician, who responds to the information, sharing his or her reasoning with the reader (regular type). The authors' commentary follows. Stage. A 50-year-old woman was admitted…

                • January 5, 2012
                • Gavin M.C., Morse D., Partridge A.H., Levy B.D., Loscalzo J.
                • N Engl J Med 2012; 366:75-81
                • CME
                • Video

                A 50-year-old woman presented with fatigue and shortness of breath. Dyspnea after moderate exertion had developed gradually, along with profound malaise and a nonproductive cough. In the 48 hours before admission, her shortness of breath had worsened.

              • Perspective

                Richard Feynman, the eminent physicist, once said that "great ideas . . . do not last unless they are passed purposely and clearly from generation to generation." In 1979, Horace Freeland Judson, in his magnificent The Eighth Day of Creation, passed to his generation the great ideas of molecular…

                • December 22, 2011
                • Schwartz R.
                • N Engl J Med 2011; 365:2353-2355
                • Audio

                In his Pulitzer Prize–winning book, Siddhartha Mukherjee explores the great ideas of oncology, up to the development of imatinib. But the research direction set by imatinib has yielded few useful drugs; its model seems to be the wrong roadmap for finding magic bullets.

              • Images in Clinical Medicine

                Figure 1.

                • December 15, 2011
                • Fong T.C. and Hoffmann B.
                • N Engl J Med 2011; 365:2305
                • Free Full Text

                A 59-year-old woman with a history of breast cancer who had undergone bilateral mastectomy and placement of breast prostheses reported that her “body swallowed one of the implants” during a Pilates stretching exercise. The patient reported no chest pain or dyspnea.

              • Original Article

                Metastasis is a complex process that is dependent on both the biologic features of the primary tumor and cellular interactions within host tissues. In the bone microenvironment, cancer cells stimulate osteoblasts to release receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), which binds to its…

                • October 13, 2011
                • Coleman R.E., Marshall H., Cameron D., et al.
                • N Engl J Med 2011; 365:1396-1405
                • Free Full Text

                A large, randomized trial has shown that the addition of zoledronic acid to adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with early-stage breast cancer does not influence rates of recurrence or survival.

              • Editorial

                Trastuzumab is active against the overexpressed HER2 oncogene in breast cancer, and four published prospective, randomized trials have shown that adjuvant trastuzumab substantially reduces rates of recurrence and death in patients with early-stage disease. However, to quote Bernard Fisher of the…

                • October 6, 2011
                • Hayes D.F.
                • N Engl J Med 2011; 365:1336-1338

                  Trastuzumab is active against the overexpressed HER2 oncogene in breast cancer, and four published prospective, randomized trials have shown that adjuvant trastuzumab substantially reduces rates of recurrence and death in patients with early-stage ...

                • Original Article

                  The HER2 gene encodes a tyrosine kinase receptor that mediates critical signaling functions in normal and malignant breast epithelial cells. An acquired alteration consisting of amplification and overexpression of the gene product occurs in approximately 20 to 25% of human breast cancers. HER2…

                  • October 6, 2011
                  • Slamon D., Eiermann W., Robert N., et al.
                  • N Engl J Med 2011; 365:1273-1283
                  • Free Full Text
                  • CME

                  Trastuzumab added to a nonanthracycline regimen to treat HER2-positive breast cancer resulted in rates of disease-free and overall survival that were similar to those for an anthracycline-containing regimen, with lower rates of cardiac toxicity and secondary leukemia.

                • Clinical Practice

                  Foreword. This Journal feature begins with a case vignette highlighting a common clinical problem. Evidence supporting various strategies is then presented, followed by a review of formal guidelines, when they exist. The article ends with the author's clinical recommendations. Stage. A healthy, 42…

                  • September 15, 2011
                  • Warner E.
                  • N Engl J Med 2011; 365:1025-1032
                  • CME
                  • Full Text Audio

                  This article reviews current recommendations for breast-cancer screening and the supporting evidence, including the controversy regarding mammographic screening of women in their 40s.

                • Images in Clinical Medicine

                  Figure 1.

                  • September 8, 2011
                  • Blaya M. and Saba N.
                  • N Engl J Med 2011; 365:e20
                  • Free Full Text

                  After undergoing breast lumpectomy and biopsy of the sentinel lymph nodes, a 42-year-old woman with invasive ductal carcinoma began adjuvant chemotherapy. After the second cycle, asymptomatic hyperpigmented macules and patches were noted on the patient's tongue.

                • Clinical Problem-Solving

                  Foreword. In this Journal feature, information about a real patient is presented in stages (boldface type) to an expert clinician, who responds to the information, sharing his or her reasoning with the reader (regular type). The authors' commentary follows. Stage. A 50-year-old woman presented with…

                  • August 4, 2011
                  • Donagh C., Bruzzi J., MacNeill B., et al.
                  • N Engl J Med 2011; 365:448-453
                  • CME
                  • Video

                  A 50-year-old woman presented with rapidly progressive shortness of breath. Five months earlier, she had received a diagnosis of invasive breast carcinoma and had undergone mastectomy. Her fifth cycle of chemotherapy was completed 10 days before presentation.

                • Perspective

                  In February 2008, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted accelerated approval to bevacizumab (Avastin) in combination with paclitaxel as first-line treatment for HER-2 negative metastatic breast cancer. Approval was based on the results of E2100, a cooperative-group randomized trial…

                  • July 14, 2011
                  • Carpenter D., Kesselheim A.S., Joffe S.
                  • N Engl J Med 2011; 365:e3
                  • Free Full Text

                  In February 2008, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted accelerated approval to bevacizumab (Avastin) in combination with paclitaxel as first-line treatment for HER-2 negative metastatic breast cancer. Approval was based on the results of ...

                • Perspective

                  In December 2007, the Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee (ODAC) of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) met to discuss the risks and benefits of Genentech's Avastin (bevacizumab) for use in combination with paclitaxel for first-line treatment of locally recurrent or metastatic HER2-negative…

                  • July 14, 2011
                  • D'Agostino R.B.
                  • N Engl J Med 2011; 365:e2
                  • Free Full Text

                  In December 2007, the Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee (ODAC) of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) met to discuss the risks and benefits of Genentech's Avastin (bevacizumab) for use in combination with paclitaxel for first-line treatment of locally ...

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                Medical Meetings Pediatrics Conferences and Meetings

                2012 Certifying Examinations of the American Board of Pediatrics

                The general pediatrics examination will be held in various cities, Oct. 16-18. Registration for first-time applicants is ongoing through May 3. Registration for re-registrants is ongoing through May 24. The following subspecialty examinations will be held in various cities: "Hospice and Palliative Medicine" (Oct. 4); "Pediatric Transplant Hepatology" (Oct. 11); "Pediatric Cardiology" (Nov. 7); "Pediatric Pulmonology" (Nov. 8); "Medical Toxicology" (Nov. 12); and "Pediatric Critical Care Medicine" (Nov. 14). Registration for first-time applicants is ongoing through April 30. Registration for re-registrants is ongoing through June 15.

                Contact the American Board of Pediatrics, 111 Silver Cedar Court, Chapel Hill, NC 27514-1513; or call (919) 929-0461; or fax (919) 918-7114 or (919) 929-9255; or see http://www.abp.org .

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