This study involved women at high risk for unintended pregnancy who received free contraception. Long-acting reversible contraception was associated with a significantly lower risk of pregnancy than contraceptive pills, patch, or ring and was highly effective regardless of age.

About 20% of patients with venous thrombosis or embolism but no defined risk factors have a recurrence within the first 2 years after stopping anticoagulation therapy. These authors report that 100 mg of aspirin a day nearly halved the risk of recurrence, with no increase in bleeding.

This trial assessed the utility of preoperative urodynamic testing in women with uncomplicated stress–predominant urinary incontinence. Women having office evaluation alone had 1-year treatment-success rates noninferior to those of women also having urodynamic testing.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important pathogen in patients with cystic fibrosis. In this report, data suggest that estrogen may play a role in the modulation of virulence factors in P. aeruginosa and thus affect clinical exacerbations in women with cystic fibrosis.

Many treatments used for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have not been rigorously tested. This article reports discontinuation of treatment with prednisone, azathioprine, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) because of increased mortality, as compared with N-acetylcysteine alone or placebo.

Recombinant human activated protein C, or drotrecogin alfa (activated) (DrotAA), was approved for the treatment of severe sepsis in 2001 on the basis of the Prospective Recombinant Human Activated Protein C Worldwide Evaluation in Severe Sepsis (PROWESS) ...

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States.¹ Colorectal-cancer mortality²–⁴ and incidence⁵,⁶ are reduced with screening by means of fecal occult-blood testing. Endoscopic screening with flexible ...

In patients treated with natalizumab, PML incidence was about 11 cases per 1000 patients with 25 to 48 months of treatment, prior immunosuppressant use, and anti–JC virus antibody–positive status. The incidence was estimated to be 0.09 cases or fewer per 1000 antibody-negative patients.

In a large cohort study, patients who took azithromycin had significantly increased risks of cardiovascular death and death from any cause during a 5-day course of therapy, as compared with persons who received no antibiotic treatment or who took reference antibiotics.

T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia, a rare clonal cancer with indolent growth characteristics, is often associated with autoimmune disease and neutropenia. According to an international group of collaborators, 40% of patients have somatic mutations that activate STAT3.

In this study involving long-term follow-up of more than 400,000 adults, coffee consumption was inversely associated with total mortality and mortality due to heart disease, respiratory disease, stroke, injuries and accidents, diabetes, and infections, but not cancer.

Patients with heart failure and sinus rhythm benefit from anticoagulation. This trial showed no overall difference between warfarin and aspirin; reduced risk of ischemic stroke with warfarin was offset by an increase in major bleeding.

In a randomized trial, performance of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at hospitals without cardiac surgery on site was noninferior to PCI performed at hospitals with cardiac surgery on site with respect to mortality at 6 weeks and major adverse cardiac events at 9 months.

In patients who had undergone stem-cell transplantation, lenalidomide maintenance therapy improved progression-free and overall survival, though at the expense of some increased hematologic toxicity and second malignant tumors.

In this study, the risk of birth defects was increased with IVF but was no longer significant after adjustment for maternal factors. The risk of birth defects associated with intracytoplasmic sperm injection remained higher after multivariate adjustment. Residual confounding cannot be ruled out.

Lenalidomide maintenance after stem-cell transplantation significantly prolonged progression-free and event-free survival in patients with multiple myeloma. At 4 years, overall survival was similar in the lenalidomide-treated and placebo-treated groups.

Patients treated with an induction regimen of melphalan, prednisone, and lenalidomide followed by lenalidomide maintenance therapy had longer progression-free survival than those who did not receive maintenance therapy.

This study provides 2-year data from the PARTNER trial, in which patients with aortic stenosis received transcatheter aortic-valve replacement (TAVR) or surgical replacement. Overall mortality was similar, but paravalvular leak increased mortality in the TAVR group.

Data from a French registry of nearly 3200 transcatheter aortic-valve implantation (TAVI) procedures complement data from randomized clinical trials. This emerging technique shows promise in the treatment of high-risk patients with aortic stenosis.

In this trial, low-dose radioiodine was as effective as high-dose radioiodine in patients with differentiated thyroid tumors, and recombinant human thyrotropin (thyrotropin alfa) was as effective as thyroid hormone withdrawal.