Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important pathogen in patients with cystic fibrosis. In this report, data suggest that estrogen may play a role in the modulation of virulence factors in P. aeruginosa and thus affect clinical exacerbations in women with cystic fibrosis.

T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia, a rare clonal cancer with indolent growth characteristics, is often associated with autoimmune disease and neutropenia. According to an international group of collaborators, 40% of patients have somatic mutations that activate STAT3.

Heat-stable enterotoxin induces diarrhea by activating guanylate cyclase (GC-C) on enterocytes, resulting in the secretion of water into the intestinal lumen. This study shows that an activating mutation affecting GC-C also produces this effect.

Three patients with homozygous mutations in the integrin α3 gene, a transmembrane integrin receptor subunit, were found to have disrupted basement-membrane structures causing congenital nephrotic syndrome, interstitial lung disease, and epidermolysis bullosa.

Induction chemotherapy fails to induce a complete remission in only about 2 to 3% of children with ALL. In an analysis of more than 1000 such patients, the authors defined subgroups with a favorable prognosis and those with an unfavorable prognosis.

Podoconiosis is a tropical form of noninfectious lymphedema associated with exposure to red-clay soil. It affects over 4 million people and is associated with substantial morbidity. In this genomewide association study in Ethiopia, associations were identified in two HLA class II loci.

Whole-genome sequencing of samples from seven subjects with secondary acute myeloid leukemia identified somatic mutations. These data, together with genotype analysis of the antecedent myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), revealed the clonal evolution of MDS and secondary AML.