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Review ArticleCurrent ConceptsFree Preview

Human Babesiosis

List of authors.
  • Edouard Vannier, Ph.D.,
  • and Peter J. Krause, M.D.

This review article discusses the epidemiology, transmission, clinical manifestations, parasite life cycle, immunology, diagnosis, and treatment of babesiosis, a tickborne zoonosis.

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Funding and Disclosures

Supported by grants from the Gordon and Llura Gund Foundation (to Drs. Krause and Vannier) and the National Institutes of Health (R01 AG019781, to Dr. Vannier; and R21 AI088079, to Dr. Krause).

Disclosure forms provided by the authors are available with the full text of this article at NEJM.org.

No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

We thank Drs. Durland Fish, Timothy Lepore, and Kenneth Dardick for their critical review of a previous version of the manuscript; the late Dr. Andrew Spielman for his teaching and mentorship; Wendolyn Hill for providing artwork; and Rouette Hunter and Stephen Johnson for providing blood-smear micrographs.

Author Affiliations

From the Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston (E.V.); and the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health and Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (P.J.K.).

Address reprint requests to Dr. Krause at the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale School of Public Health and Yale School of Medicine, 60 College St., New Haven, CT 06520-8034, or at .

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