Original Article
Reduced Mortality after Allogeneic Hematopoietic-Cell Transplantation
N Engl J Med 2010; 363:2091-2101November 25, 2010DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1004383
- Abstract
Background
Over the past decade, advances have been made in the care of patients undergoing transplantation. We conducted a study to determine whether these advances have improved the outcomes of transplantation.
Methods
We analyzed overall mortality, mortality not preceded by relapse, recurrent malignant conditions, and the frequency and severity of major complications of transplantation, including graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and hepatic, renal, pulmonary, and infectious complications, among 1418 patients who received their first allogeneic transplants at our center in Seattle in the period from 1993 through 1997 and among 1148 patients who received their first allogeneic transplants in the period from 2003 through 2007. Components of the Pretransplant Assessment of Mortality (PAM) score were used in regression models to adjust for the severity of illness at the time of transplantation.
Results
In the 2003–2007 period, as compared with the 1993–1997 period, we observed significant decreases in mortality not preceded by relapse, both at day 200 (by 60%) and overall (by 52%), the rate of relapse or progression of a malignant condition (by 21%), and overall mortality (by 41%), after adjustment for components of the PAM score. The results were similar when the analyses were limited to patients who received myeloablative conditioning therapy. We also found significant decreases in the risk of severe GVHD; disease caused by viral, bacterial, and fungal infections; and damage to the liver, kidneys, and lungs.
Conclusions
We found a substantial reduction in the hazard of death related to allogeneic hematopoietic-cell transplantation, as well as increased long-term survival, over the past decade. Improved outcomes appear to be related to reductions in organ damage, infection, and severe acute GVHD. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health.)
Media in This Article
Figure 1
Probability of Death by Day 200 Not Preceded by Relapse and of Overall Survival during Two Time Periods.Figure 2
Daily Total Serum Bilirubin and Serum Creatinine Values during the First 100 Days in the Two Time Periods.Article Activity
- Article
Infections, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and liver, kidney, and pulmonary complications have been associated with high mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic-cell transplantation since the introduction of this procedure 40 years ago.1 Changes in practice have decreased organ toxicity,2-5 and improved prevention and treatment strategies have decreased the severity of acute GVHD.6-9 The control of infectious complications has improved since the development of molecular methods for the detection of viral and fungal infections, the use of preemptive treatments, the introduction of new antifungal agents, and the prevention of nosocomial infection.10-13
To examine the hypothesis that changes in the care of patients undergoing transplantation have improved outcomes, we compared the rates of death not preceded by relapse, recurrent malignant conditions, and overall deaths in two large cohorts of our patients from 1993 through 1997 and from 2003 through 2007. To explore correlates of improved outcomes, we analyzed the frequency and severity of acute GVHD and hepatic, renal, pulmonary, and infectious complications in these two time periods.
Methods
Patients
We evaluated data on all patients who received their first allogeneic transplant between 1993 and 1997 and on all those who received their first transplant between 2003 and 2007. The study protocol was approved by the institutional review board of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center.
Transplantation Techniques
All patients received a conditioning regimen followed by infusion of donor cells. Although these regimens varied, the myeloablative conditioning regimens generally contained high-dose cyclophosphamide with busulfan or 12.0 to 13.2 Gy of total-body irradiation.1 Reduced-intensity regimens contained 2 to 3 Gy of total-body irradiation with or without fludarabine.14 The patients received immunosuppressive drugs, usually a calcineurin inhibitor plus methotrexate or mycophenolate mofetil, to prevent GVHD. Prophylaxis against infections included low-dose acyclovir, trimethoprim−sulfamethoxazole or dapsone, an antifungal agent (fluconazole in both periods and drugs that are active against mold in patients with a pretransplantation mold infection), preemptive therapy with ganciclovir in patients with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection (on the basis of antigen or DNA testing), and antibiotics in patients with neutropenia. In the second time period, all patients received ursodiol as prophylaxis against cholestasis.15
Outcome Measures
Outcome measures included overall mortality, mortality not preceded by relapse, recurrent malignant conditions, and the frequency and severity of major complications. Death not preceded by relapse was defined as death after transplantation that was not preceded by a recurrent or progressive malignant condition. Data on overall mortality, mortality not preceded by relapse, and recurrent malignant conditions reflect events as of the date of the last contact before the database was locked on January 12, 2010.
Clinical Assessments and Definitions
Liver, Kidney, and Lung Complications through Day 100
Liver and kidney injuries were assessed according to the total serum bilirubin and creatinine concentrations. The severity of liver injury and liver GVHD was assessed according to the peak bilirubin concentration.16 Acute kidney injury was classified as a serum creatinine concentration that was two times as high as the baseline value or three times as high as the baseline value.3 Lung injury was defined by the need for diagnostic bronchoscopy and the development of respiratory failure. The evaluation of pulmonary abnormalities included computed tomography to evaluate radiographic abnormalities and pulmonary consultation to determine whether fiberoptic bronchoscopy was indicated.17 Respiratory failure was defined by the need for more than 24 hours of mechanical ventilation for a nonelective reason.18
Viral, Bacterial, and Fungal Infections through Day 100
CMV infection was defined as the presence of viral pp65 antigen or DNA in plasma19; CMV disease was defined as a dysfunction of an organ infected by CMV.20 Patients with one or more positive blood cultures for gram-negative organisms were considered to have gram-negative bacteremia.21 Invasive fungal infections were classified according to international consensus criteria.22 Only fungal infections that were proved or probable were included in this analysis.
Acute GVHD
The peak stage of gut and liver GVHD and the peak severity of acute GVHD were graded by one of the authors according to the extent of rash, total serum bilirubin level, presence or absence of upper gastrointestinal symptoms, and daily stool volume.16 Peak GVHD manifestations were graded as 2, 3, or 4 (mild, moderate, or severe, respectively) (Table 1 in the Supplementary Appendix, available with the full text of this article at NEJM.org).
Statistical Analysis
The probability of overall survival was estimated with the use of the Kaplan−Meier method. Probabilities of death not preceded by relapse and of recurrent malignant conditions were estimated with the use of cumulative incidence curves,23 with recurrent malignant conditions viewed as a competing risk of death not preceded by relapse, and with death not preceded by relapse viewed as a competing risk of recurrent malignant conditions. Jaundice, GVHD, and doubling and tripling of baseline serum creatinine values were compared between the cohorts by means of logistic regression. Time to engraftment was defined as the first of 3 consecutive days during which the absolute neutrophil count was more than 500 cells per cubic millimeter. Mean times to engraftment, as well as the mean peak total serum bilirubin and creatinine values, were compared with the use of linear regression. The average daily total serum bilirubin and creatinine values were modeled with the use of generalized estimating equations.24 Cox regression models were used to compare the hazards of failure for all other end points. Deaths after day 200 that were not preceded by relapse were not considered to be treatment failures for the end point of death by day 200 not preceded by relapse and were censored at day 200. Data for patients who survived without failure for the other end points were censored at the date of last contact. Infectious and pulmonary complications occurring within the first 100 days were considered to be treatment failures; infectious and pulmonary events that occurred beyond this time were censored at day 100 and treated as nonfailures.
Components of the Pretransplant Assessment of Mortality (PAM) score (on a scale of 8 to 50 when conditioning is included and 7 to 41 when conditioning is excluded, with higher scores indicating a higher risk of death)25 (Table 2 in the Supplementary Appendix) were used in regression models to adjust for the severity of illness at the time of transplantation, with the exception of the conditioning-regimen component. All PAM components were treated as categorical variables, with a category for missing data included for each component. Additional adjustment for coexisting conditions, as captured by the Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Comorbidity Index (HCT-CI) (on a scale of 0 to 29, with higher scores indicating a higher risk of death not preceded by relapse)26 (Table 3 in the Supplementary Appendix), was made in a subgroup of 1000 patients (409 patients from 1993 through 1997 and 591 patients from 2003 through 2007) who had previously been assessed with the use of this index by one of the authors. Two-sided P values were estimated by means of the Wald test; no adjustments were made for multiple comparisons.
Results
Characteristics of the Patients
Table 1Table 1
Characteristics of Transplant Recipients According to Time Period., and Table 4 in the Supplementary Appendix, show demographic, disease, and transplant characteristics, including components of the PAM score included in regression models. The adjusted average time to engraftment was 1.83 days less in the 2003−2007 period than in the 1993–1997 period among all patients with engraftment (P<0.001) and was 1.62 days less among patients with engraftment receiving myeloablative regimens (P<0.001); these findings reflect the increased use of donor peripheral-blood hematopoietic cells in the later period. Outcome Measures
From the 1993−1997 period to the 2003−2007 period, significant decreases were seen in the hazard of death not preceded by relapse, both at day 200 (by 60%) and overall (by 52%), and in the rate of relapse or progression of a malignant condition (by 21%) and overall mortality (by 41%) (Table 2Table 2
Comparison of Outcomes, Organ Dysfunction, Infection, and Acute GVHD after Transplantation between the Two Time Periods.). The probabilities of death not preceded by relapse at day 200 and of overall survival are shown in Figure 1Figure 1Probability of Death by Day 200 Not Preceded by Relapse and of Overall Survival during Two Time Periods.. Among patients who received myeloablative regimens, significant reductions were seen in the hazard of death not preceded by relapse, at day 200 (by 56%) and overall (by 52%), as well as in the rate of recurrent malignant conditions (by 18%) and overall mortality (by 39%) (Table 2). Improvements in outcomes were consistent among various subgroups. The hazard ratios for death by day 200 that was not preceded by relapse were 0.62 among patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia, 0.38 among patients with acute myeloid leukemia, 0.60 among patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, and 0.42 among patients with the myelodysplastic syndrome; the hazard ratios for death from any cause were 0.67, 0.63, 0.67, and 0.65, respectively. Average PAM scores after exclusion of the conditioning-regimen component in patients receiving myeloablative regimens were 16.3 during the 1993−1997 period and 17.3 during the 2003−2007 period; the average PAM score after exclusion of the conditioning-regimen component was 22.1 in patients receiving reduced-intensity regimens.Among patients with low PAM scores (<18, the median score), the hazard ratio for death by day 200 that was not preceded by relapse in the two periods was 0.41 and the hazard ratio for overall mortality was 0.77. Among patients with high PAM scores, the hazard ratio for death by day 200 that was not preceded by relapse was 0.36, and the hazard ratio for death from any cause was 0.51. The hazard ratios for death by day 200 that was not preceded by relapse were 0.45 among patients who received transplants from a matched donor who was a sibling, 0.35 among patients who received transplants from a relative who was not a sibling or from a mismatched donor who was a sibling, and 0.35 among patients who received transplants from an unrelated donor; the hazard ratios for death from any cause were 0.72, 0.47, and 0.52, respectively. Among CMV-positive recipients, the hazard ratio for death by day 200 that was not preceded by relapse was 0.43, and the hazard ratio for death from any cause was 0.61; among CMV-negative patients, these hazard ratios were 0.34 and 0.55, respectively.
In the subgroup of 1000 patients (39%) for whom HCT-CI scores were available, the average scores were 1.26 among patients who received myeloablative regimens during the 1993−1997 period and 1.54 among patients who received myeloablative regimens during the 2003−2007 period. Among patients who received reduced-intensity regimens, the average HCT-CI score was 2.31. After the PAM-adjusted mortality models were further adjusted for the HCT-CI score, the hazard ratios for death not preceded by relapse, by day 200 and overall, and for death from any cause were lower by 1.7%, 0.9%, and 1.1%, respectively. Moreover, both the PAM score and the HCT-CI score were associated with each outcome, even after adjustment for the other score (P<0.001 for each).
Complications Associated with Mortality
Liver Disease
From the 1993−1997 period to the 2003−2007 period, the odds of jaundice were significantly reduced, by more than 70% (Table 2). The magnitude of the reduction was similar for patients who received only myeloablative regimens (Table 2). The average peak serum bilirubin level in the earlier period was 7.6 mg per deciliter (129.9 μmol per liter), as compared with 3.3 mg per deciliter (56.4 μmol per liter) in the later period (adjusted mean difference, 4.4 mg per deciliter [75.2 μmol per liter]; P<0.001). Figure 2Figure 2
Daily Total Serum Bilirubin and Serum Creatinine Values during the First 100 Days in the Two Time Periods. shows fitted average daily serum bilirubin values for each period. After model adjustment, the estimated difference in the average daily serum bilirubin level was 1.4 mg per deciliter (23.9 μmol per liter) (P<0.001).The reduction in the intensity of conditioning in the more recent period (Table 1) did not solely explain the reduction in the risk of liver injury. The average peak bilirubin value after high-dose myeloablative regimens in the earlier period was 4.1 mg per deciliter (70.1 μmol per liter) as compared with 1.5 mg per deciliter (25.6 μmol per liter) in the later period. The average peak bilirubin values among patients who received lower-dose myeloablative regimens were 3.1 mg per deciliter (53.0 μmol per liter) in the earlier period and 1.8 mg per deciliter (30.8 μmol per liter) in the later period. Patients who received a reduced-intensity regimen in the later period had a mean peak bilirubin value of 1.8 mg per deciliter. Stage 3 or 4 hepatic GVHD was seen in 11.9% of patients in the earlier period and in 2.1% of patients in the later period. There were 78 cases of stage 4 liver GVHD in the earlier cohort and two cases in the later cohort (Figure 3Figure 3
Distribution of the Overall Grade of Acute GVHD and the Stage of Hepatic and Gastrointestinal GVHD in the Two Time Periods.). We found a positive correlation between the total serum bilirubin level and day-200 mortality not preceded by relapse among patients in the 1993−1997 cohort.27 A positive correlation of similar magnitude was also seen in the 2003−2007 cohort (data not shown).Renal Injury
The odds of acute kidney injury were significantly reduced between the first and second time periods. The magnitude of the reduction was similar among patients who received only myeloablative regimens (Table 2). Figure 2B shows fitted average daily serum creatinine values to day 100. The adjusted average difference in the daily serum creatinine level was 0.13 mg per deciliter (11.5 μmol per liter) (P<0.001). The average peak creatinine level in the 1993−1997 period was 2.06 mg per deciliter (182.1 μmol per liter), as compared with 1.67 mg per deciliter (147.6 μmol per liter) in 2003−2007, and the adjusted difference was 0.53 mg per deciliter (46.7 μmol per liter) (P<0.001).
Pulmonary Complications
The hazard of a condition that required bronchoscopic evaluation in 2003−2007 was similar to that in 1993−1997, both among all patients and among only those who received myeloablative conditioning therapy (Table 2). The hazard of respiratory failure was reduced by 36% in the 2003−2007 cohort as compared with the earlier cohort; a similar decrease was seen when the analysis was limited to patients receiving myeloablative regimens (Table 2).
Infections
Although the rate of CMV reactivation remained stable between the two time periods, the hazard of early CMV disease was reduced during the later period by 48% when all CMV-seropositive patients were considered, and by 47% when only CMV-seropositive patients receiving myeloablative regimens were considered (Table 2). The hazard of the development of bacteremia with a gram-negative organism decreased by 39%, the hazard of invasive mold infection decreased by 51%, and the hazard of invasive candida infection decreased by 88% between the two periods. The magnitude of the decreases in the hazards of these infections was similar among patients who received myeloablative conditioning regimens (Table 2).
Acute GVHD
The percentages of patients with mild, moderate, and severe acute GVHD decreased from the earlier period to the later period, with a 67% decrease in the odds of the development of grade 3 or 4 GVHD (Table 2). We found significant reductions in the frequency of stage 3 or 4 gut and especially stage 3 or 4 hepatic GVHD in the 2003−2007 period (Table 2 and Figure 3). The reduction in the odds of the development of grade 3 or 4 GVHD was consistently seen across donor types: odds ratios were 0.35 among patients who had a matched-sibling donor, 0.11 among patients who had a donor who was a relative but not a sibling or a mismatched-sibling donor, and 0.33 among patients who had an unrelated donor.
Discussion
We found a substantial reduction in the hazard of death related to allogeneic transplantation and improved long-term survival from the 1993−1997 period to the 2003−2007 period. We also saw decreases in the hazard or probability of almost every transplantation complication that we examined. In these analyses, we adjusted our models for individual components of the previously validated PAM score25 and, when available, for HCT-CI scores.26 On average, patients who underwent transplantation during the 2003−2007 period were older, were more seriously ill, and had more advanced disease than those who underwent transplantation in the earlier period. In a subgroup of patients for whom HCT-CI scores were available, further adjustment for the HCT-CI score changed the hazard ratios for death by less than 2%. Both scores provide important prognostic information in this population.
Several changes in our transplantation practice appear to have contributed to improved outcomes. We now treat patients who have coexisting medical conditions with less toxic conditioning regimens. This shift in the intensity of the conditioning regimen resulted from data showing that higher-dose regimens resulted in more organ damage, without the commensurate benefit of a reduced risk of a recurrent malignant condition,2 and from data showing that the graft-versus-tumor activity of donor cells can have a dominant role in eliminating malignant cells.14 Lower-dose myeloablative regimens, which were used more often in the more recent period, are those in which the dose of total-body irradiation is limited or fludarabine is substituted for cyclophosphamide, or cyclophosphamide dosing is individualized; these regimens are based on data showing that aberrant metabolism of cyclophosphamide and high exposures to total-body irradiation were factors leading to fatal hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome and multiorgan failure.2,28,29
Despite more frequent use of peripheral-blood hematopoietic cells instead of marrow during the 2003−2007 period, the odds of the development of grade 3 or 4 GVHD decreased by 67% from the earlier period, partly because of ursodiol's effect on GVHD-related cholestasis and the near disappearance of stage 4 hepatic GVHD.15 The role of more accurate HLA matching of unrelated donors in improving outcomes cannot be readily ascertained from our data, which show that the reduction in the rate of severe GVHD was similar in patients who received transplants from a matched sibling and in patients who received transplants from an unrelated donor. GVHD prophylaxis did not change substantially between the two time periods, but our approach to the treatment of GVHD did change. By 2003, two syndromes of gastrointestinal GVHD were apparent, one affecting mostly the upper gut (with anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and satiety), and the other mostly the midgut (with diarrhea, abdominal pain, and bleeding).30 The upper-gut syndrome occurs more frequently, seldom progresses to grade 4 GVHD, responds to prednisone therapy, and has a better prognosis.6,8 Our past practice of treating all cases of acute GVHD with prednisone at a dose of 2 mg per kilogram of body weight per day was abandoned in favor of therapy based on clinical manifestations and the risk of death.7 This change in treatment philosophy was also prompted by data showing that the risks of CMV, fungal, and bacterial infections were significantly related to the prednisone dose.31-34 During the 2003−2007 period, most patients with the upper-gut GVHD syndrome were initially treated with prednisone at a dose of 1 mg per kilogram per day plus a topically active glucocorticoid,7,8 reducing average prednisone exposure by 48%.7
The increased use of peripheral-blood donor cells resulted in significantly faster neutrophil engraftment35 and earlier recovery of immunity against fungal and bacterial infections.36 The decreased hazards of gram-negative bacteremia and fungemia might be related to reduced gut toxicity from conditioning regimens and to reduced risks of multiorgan failure and midgut GVHD. Antibacterial prophylaxis in patients with neutropenia shifted from cephalosporins to quinolones between the two time periods. Antifungal prophylaxis with fluconazole was used during the 1993−1997 period; with the advent of fungal antigen testing and new antifungal drugs, patients with positive blood tests or pulmonary nodules were more likely to receive mold-active azoles (e.g., itraconazole and voriconazole) or an echinocandin. Preemptive antiviral therapy is now based on a more sensitive diagnostic test for CMV viremia.12,19
The decrease in the degree of jaundice can be traced to less intense conditioning regimens, less frequent bacteremia and GVHD, and the use of ursodiol to prevent cholestasis. During the 2003−2007 period, patients who were at risk for the fatal sinusoidal obstruction syndrome37 underwent conditioning with fludarabine−busulfan or reduced-intensity regimens or 12 Gy of total-body irradiation plus individualized doses of cyclophosphamide, based on therapeutic drug monitoring, instead of high-dose cyclophosphamide.14,28,29 The adoption of ursodiol prophylaxis was based on data showing that ursodiol improved the results of liver tests in patients with GVHD, reduced the frequency of jaundice, and increased survival after transplantation.15,38
The decreased frequencies of renal dysfunction and respiratory failure in the 2003−2007 period are intertwined with the increased use of lower-dose myeloablative regimens; reduced risks of the hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, gram-negative bacteremia, and invasive mold infections; and avoidance of amphotericin products. The decreased frequency of severe GVHD may also have had a protective effect on renal and pulmonary function, since both the kidneys and the lungs are affected by the inflammatory milieu of acute GVHD.39,40
In conclusion, our data show clear improvement in outcomes of transplantation between the period from 1993 through 1997 and the period from 2003 through 2007. The data also indicate areas of transplantation biology and patient care in which research is needed to achieve further progress — specifically, GVHD and graft-versus-tumor effects, immunologic tolerance, and the management of infection and recurrent malignant conditions.
Supported by grants (CA 18029, CA 15704, CA78902, HL36444, HL088201, HL088021, HL096831, and DK063038) from the National Institutes of Health.
Dr. Gooley reports serving as a statistical consultant to DOR BioPharma; Dr. Pergam, receiving research funding from Chimerix and ViroPharma (through a sponsored American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation New Investigator Award), and consulting fees from ViroPharma; Dr. Boeckh, receiving grant support, consulting fees, or both from Roche/Genentech, ViroPharma, Astellas, Pfizer, Merck, Vical, Chimerix, AiCuris, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Theraclone Sciences; Dr. Martin, receiving grant support from Roche and Soligenix and payments for serving on data and safety monitoring boards for Pfizer; Dr. Marr, receiving grant support from Astellas and Merck and consulting fees from Astellas, Basilea, Evolva, Merck, and Pfizer; and Dr. McDonald, being a consultant to and holding an equity position with Soligenix and receiving consulting fees from Gentium.
Disclosure forms provided by the authors are available with the full text of this article at NEJM.org.
No other potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
We thank the many physicians, nurses, physician assistants, pharmacists, and support staff who cared for our patients during the two periods of the study; the patients who allowed us to care for them and who participated in our ongoing clinical research; and David Myerson, Gary Schoch, Chris Davis, Margaret Au, Miwa Sakai Vernon, and Emily Pao for help with data abstraction.
Source Information
From the Clinical Research Division (T.A.G., J.W.C., S.A.P., S.H., M.L.S., M.B., P.J.M., B.M.S., K.A.M., F.R.A., R.S., G.B.M.) and the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (S.A.P., M.B.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; and the Departments of Medicine (J.W.C., S.A.P., M.L.S., M.B., P.J.M., B.M.S., K.A.M., F.R.A., R.S., G.B.M.), Pediatrics (S.H.), and Biostatistics (T.A.G.), University of Washington — both in Seattle.
Address reprint requests to Dr. McDonald at the Gastroenterology/Hepatology Section (D2-190), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., Seattle, WA 98109.
- References
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- Citing Articles (141)
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Michael J. Burke, John E. Wagner, Qing Cao, Celalettin Ustun, Michael R. Verneris. (2013) Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in First Remission Abrogates Poor Outcomes Associated with High-Risk Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 19:7, 1021-1025
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James M. Foran, Steven Z. Pavletic, Brent R. Logan, Manza A. Agovi-Johnson, Waleska S. Pérez, Brian J. Bolwell, Martin Bornhäuser, Christopher N. Bredeson, Mitchell S. Cairo, Bruce M. Camitta, Edward A. Copelan, Jason Dehn, Robert P. Gale, Biju George, Vikas Gupta, Gregory A. Hale, Hillard M. Lazarus, Mark R. Litzow, Dipnarine Maharaj, David I. Marks, Rodrigo Martino, Richard T. Maziarz, Jacob M. Rowe, Philip A. Rowlings, Bipin N. Savani, Mary Lynn Savoie, Jeffrey Szer, Edmund K. Waller, Peter H. Wiernik, Daniel J. Weisdorf. (2013) Unrelated Donor Allogeneic Transplantation after Failure of Autologous Transplantation for Acute Myelogenous Leukemia: A Study from the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplantation Research. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 19:7, 1102-1108
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Imad Y. Haddad. (2013) Stem cell transplantation and lung dysfunction. Current Opinion in Pediatrics 25:3, 350-356
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André Tichelli, Myriam Labopin, Alicia Rovó, Manuela Badoglio, Mutlu Arat, Maria Teresa van Lint, Anita Lawitschka, Carl Philipp Schwarze, Jakob Passweg, Gérard Socié. (2013) Increase of suicide and accidental death after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Cancer 119:11, 2012-2021
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Anskar Y.H. Leung, Eric Tse, Yu-Yan Hwang, Thomas S.Y. Chan, Harinder Gill, Chor-Sang Chim, Albert K.W. Lie, Yok-Lam Kwong. (2013) Primary treatment of leukemia relapses after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with reduced-intensity conditioning second transplantation from the original donor. American Journal of Hematology 88:6, 485-491
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F V Michelis, E G Atenafu, V Gupta, D D Kim, J Kuruvilla, A Lambie, J H Lipton, D Loach, H A Messner. (2013) Duration of first remission, hematopoietic cell transplantation-specific comorbidity index and patient age predict survival of patients with AML transplanted in second CR. Bone Marrow Transplantation
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E Benedetti, B Bruno, G B McDonald, A Paolicchi, F Caracciolo, F Papineschi, M Pelosini, D Campani, S Galimberti, M Petrini. (2013) Prospective qualitative and quantitative non-invasive evaluation of intestinal acute GVHD by contrast-enhanced ultrasound sonography. Bone Marrow Transplantation
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Håkon Reikvam, Ina Nepstad, André Sulen, Bjørn Tore Gjertsen, Kimberley Joanne Hatfield, Øystein Bruserud. (2013) Increased antileukemic effects in human acute myeloid leukemia by combining HSP70 and HSP90 inhibitors. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs 22:5, 551-563
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Daniel Wolff, Francis Ayuk, Ahmet Elmaagacli, Hartmut Bertz, Anita Lawitschka, Michael Schleuning, Ralf-Georg Meyer, Armin Gerbitz, Inken Hilgendorf, Gerhard C. Hildebrandt, Matthias Edinger, Stephan Klein, Jörg Halter, Sabine Mousset, Ernst Holler, Hildegard T. Greinix. (2013) Current Practice in Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease: Results from a Survey among German-Austrian-Swiss Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Centers. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 19:5, 767-776
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Benjamin L. Laskin, Michelle Denburg, Susan Furth, Donna Diorio, Jens Goebel, Stella M. Davies, Sonata Jodele. (2013) BK Viremia Precedes Hemorrhagic Cystitis in Children Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation
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Marion K. Mateos, Tracey A. O'Brien, Cecilia Oswald, Melissa Gabriel, David S. Ziegler, Richard J. Cohn, Susan J. Russell, Draga Barbaric, Glenn M. Marshall, Toby N. Trahair. (2013) Transplant-related mortality following allogeneic hematopoeitic stem cell transplantation for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: 25-year retrospective review. Pediatric Blood & Cancern/a-n/a
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Udo Holtick, Raphael Knauss, Sebastian Theurich, Nicole Skoetz, Hildegard Greinix, Michael von Bergwelt-Baildon, Christof Scheid, Udo Holtick. The role of concomitant extracorporeal photopheresis for the treatment of chronic graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013.
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K Jamani, J A Russell, A Daly, D Stewart, L Savoie, P Duggan, J Storek. (2013) Prognosis of grade 3–4 acute GVHD continues to be dismal. Bone Marrow Transplantation
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S Kurosawa, K Yakushijin, T Yamaguchi, Y Atsuta, T Nagamura-Inoue, H Akiyama, S Taniguchi, K Miyamura, S Takahashi, T Eto, H Ogawa, M Kurokawa, J Tanaka, K Kawa, K Kato, R Suzuki, Y Morishima, H Sakamaki, T Fukuda. (2013) Recent decrease in non-relapse mortality due to GVHD and infection after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in non-remission acute leukemia. Bone Marrow Transplantation
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K.-i. Matsuoka, J. Koreth, H. T. Kim, G. Bascug, S. McDonough, Y. Kawano, K. Murase, C. Cutler, V. T. Ho, E. P. Alyea, P. Armand, B. R. Blazar, J. H. Antin, R. J. Soiffer, J. Ritz. (2013) Low-Dose Interleukin-2 Therapy Restores Regulatory T Cell Homeostasis in Patients with Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease. Science Translational Medicine 5:179, 179ra43-179ra43
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H. Mae, J. Ooi, S. Takahashi, S. Kato, T. Kawakita, Y. Ebihara, K. Tsuji, F. Nagamura, H. Echizen, A. Tojo. (2013) Acute kidney injury after myeloablative cord blood transplantation in adults: the efficacy of strict monitoring of vancomycin serum trough concentrations. Transplant Infectious Disease 15:2, 181-186
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A Shimoni, N Shem-Tov, A Chetrit, Y Volchek, E Tallis, A Avigdor, S Sadetzki, R Yerushalmi, A Nagler. (2013) Secondary malignancies after allogeneic stem-cell transplantation in the era of reduced-intensity conditioning; the incidence is not reduced. Leukemia 27:4, 829-835
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Andreas Holbro, Thomas Lehmann, Sabine Girsberger, Martin Stern, Franco Gambazzi, Didier Lardinois, Dominik Heim, Jakob R. Passweg, André Tichelli, Lukas Bubendorf, Spasenija Savic, Katrin Hostettler, Peter Grendelmeier, Joerg P. Halter, Michael Tamm. (2013) Lung Histology Predicts Outcome of Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation
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S Girerd, M Renaud, J Guilhot, C Giraud, R Larchee, I Jollet, F Guilhot. (2013) Long-term follow-up of corticosteroid refractory acute GVHD treated with an Inolimomab-based algorithm: a single center experience. Bone Marrow Transplantation
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Hongtao Liu, Wendy Stock, Michael R. Bishop. (2013) Expanded indications for allogeneic stem cell transplantation in patients with myeloid malignancies. Current Opinion in Hematology 20:2, 115-122
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S Gerull, M Stern, A Ben Aissa, M G Manz, U Schanz, G Stussi, Y Chalandon, J Passweg, B Mohty. (2013) Allo-SCT for multiple myeloma in the era of novel agents: a retrospective study on behalf of Swiss Blood SCT. Bone Marrow Transplantation 48:3, 408-413
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Kavita Radhakrishnan, Jacquelyn Bishop, Zhezhen Jin, Komal Kothari, Monica Bhatia, Diane George, James H. Garvin, Mercedes Martinez, Nadia Ovchinsky, Steven Lobritto, Yasmin Elsayed, Prakash Satwani. (2013) Risk Factors Associated with Liver Injury and Impact of Liver Injury on Transplantation-Related Mortality in Pediatric Recipients of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation
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Roberto Passera, Simona Pollichieni, Lucia Brunello, Francesca Patriarca, Francesca Bonifazi, Vittorio Montefusco, Michele Falda, Mauro Montanari, Stefano Guidi, Luisa Giaccone, Nicola Mordini, Angelo Michele Carella, Pasqua Bavaro, Giuseppe Milone, Fabio Benedetti, Fabio Ciceri, Rosanna Scimè, Edoardo Benedetti, Luca Castagna, Moreno Festuccia, Alessandro Rambaldi, Andrea Bacigalupo, Paolo Corradini, Alberto Bosi, Mario Boccadoro, Giuseppe Bandini, Renato Fanin, Benedetto Bruno. (2013) Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation from Unrelated Donors in Multiple Myeloma: Study from the Italian Bone Marrow Donor Registry. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation
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Merav Bar, Brenda M. Sandmaier, Yoshihiro Inamoto, Benedetto Bruno, Parameswaran Hari, Thomas Chauncey, Paul Martin, Rainer Storb, David G. Maloney, Barry Storer, Mary E.D. Flowers. (2013) Donor Lymphocyte Infusion for Relapsed Hematological Malignancies after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Prognostic Relevance of the Initial CD3+ T Cell Dose. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation
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F Rosenow, A Berkemeier, U Krug, C Müller-Tidow, J Gerss, G Silling, C Groth, P Wieacker, N Bogdanova, R Mesters, T Büchner, J Kienast, W E Berdel, M Stelljes. (2013) CD34+ lineage specific donor cell chimerism for the diagnosis and treatment of impending relapse of AML or myelodysplastic syndrome after allo-SCT. Bone Marrow Transplantation
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Frank Buchholz, Joachim Hauber. (2013) Engineered DNA modifying enzymes: Components of a future strategy to cure HIV/AIDS. Antiviral Research 97:2, 211-217
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Felicetto Ferrara, Charles A Schiffer. (2013) Acute myeloid leukaemia in adults. The Lancet 381:9865, 484-495
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Lindsay AM Rein, Anthony D Sung, David A Rizzieri. (2013) New approaches to manipulate minimal residual disease after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. International Journal of Hematologic Oncology 2:1, 39-48
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Edward R. Samuel, Katy Newton, Stephen Mackinnon, Mark W. Lowdell. (2013) Successful isolation and expansion of CMV-reactive T cells from G-CSF mobilized donors that retain a strong cytotoxic effector function. British Journal of Haematology 160:1, 87-100
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M. Waterhouse, J. Duque-Afonso, R. Wäsch, H. Bertz, J. Finke. (2013) Soluble HLA-G Molecules and HLA-G 14–Base Pair Polymorphism After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Transplantation Proceedings 45:1, 397-401
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Djamel Mokart, Jérôme Lambert, David Schnell, Louis Fouché, Antoine Rabbat, Achille Kouatchet, Virginie Lemiale, François Vincent, Etienne Lengliné, Fabrice Bruneel, Frederic Pene, Sylvie Chevret, Elie Azoulay. (2012) Delayed intensive care unit admission is associated with increased mortality in patients with cancer with acute respiratory failure. Leukemia & Lymphoma1-6
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Peter S. Haas, Gabriele Ihorst, Susanne Schnitzler, Ralph Wäsch, Reinhard Marks, Hartmut Bertz, Roland Mertelsmann, Jürgen Finke, Barbara Deschler. (2012) NT-pro-BNP: not the prognostic all-rounder in elderly patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Annals of Hematology 91:12, 1929-1935
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Aaron T. Gerds, Bart L. Scott. (2012) Last Marrow Standing: Bone Marrow Transplantation for Acquired Bone Marrow Failure Conditions. Current Hematologic Malignancy Reports 7:4, 292-299
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Xiaoli Xu, Minjian Xiong, Yafei Xu, Yuan Su, Ping Zou, Hao Zhou. (2012) Triptolide attenuates idiopathic pneumonia syndrome in a mouse bone marrow transplantation model by down-regulation of IL-17. International Immunopharmacology 14:4, 704-709
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Frederick R. Appelbaum. (2012) Improved outcomes with allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Best Practice & Research Clinical Haematology 25:4, 465-471
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Kazuo Hatanaka, Shigeo Fuji, Kazuhiro Ikegame, Ruri Kato, Atsushi Wake, Michihiro Hidaka, Toshiro Ito, Masami Inoue, Yoshihisa Nagatoshi, Akiyoshi Takami, Naokuni Uike, Hisashi Sakamaki, Hiromasa Yabe, Yasuo Morishima, Ritsuro Suzuki, Yoshiko Atsuta, Takahiro Fukuda. (2012) Low incidences of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease after unrelated bone marrow transplantation with low-dose anti-T lymphocyte globulin. International Journal of Hematology 96:6, 773-780
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Justin M Watts, Ross L Levine, Martin S Tallman. (2012) Treatment breakthroughs for the management of acute myeloid leukemia. International Journal of Hematologic Oncology 1:2, 121-132
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Jurat S. Rajpal, Niharika Patel, Rachel I. Vogel, Clifford E. Kashtan, Angela R. Smith. (2012) Improved Survival over the Last Decade in Pediatric Patients Requiring Dialysis after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation
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Alissa Martin, Elaine Morgan, Nobuko Hijiya. (2012) Relapsed or Refractory Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Pediatric Drugs 14:6, 377-387
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Gordon L. Phillips. (2012) Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for high-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML)/myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS): How can we improve outcomes in the near future?. Leukemia Research 36:12, 1490-1495
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Jeffrey E. Rubnitz, Hiroto Inaba. (2012) Childhood acute myeloid leukaemia. British Journal of Haematology 159:3, 259-276
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Margaret L. Green, Wendy Leisenring, Daniel Stachel, Steven A. Pergam, Brenda M. Sandmaier, Anna Wald, Lawrence Corey, Michael Boeckh. (2012) Efficacy of a Viral Load-Based, Risk-Adapted, Preemptive Treatment Strategy for Prevention of Cytomegalovirus Disease after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 18:11, 1687-1699
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Giacomo Oliveira, Raffaella Greco, Maria T. Lupo-Stanghellini, Luca Vago, Chiara Bonini. (2012) Use of TK-cells in haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Current Opinion in Hematology 19:6, 427-433
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M A Hospital, X Thomas, S Castaigne, E Raffoux, C Pautas, C Gardin, J-H Bourhis, O Reman, T de Revel, C Terré, C Preudhomme, P Fenaux, M Michallet, G Socié, H Dombret. (2012) Evaluation of allogeneic hematopoietic SCT in younger adults with adverse karyotype AML. Bone Marrow Transplantation 47:11, 1436-1441
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R. Peffault de Latour, R. T. Calado, M. Busson, J. Abrams, N. Adoui, M. Robin, J. Larghero, N. Dhedin, A. Xhaard, E. Clave, D. Charron, A. Toubert, P. Loiseau, G. Socie, N. S. Young. (2012) Age-adjusted recipient pretransplantation telomere length and treatment-related mortality after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Blood 120:16, 3353-3359
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Giuseppe Messina, Luisa Giaccone, Moreno Festuccia, Giuseppe Irrera, Ilaria Scortechini, Roberto Sorasio, Federica Gigli, Roberto Passera, Irene Cavattoni, Andrea Riccardo Filippi, Fabrizio Carnevale Schianca, Massimo Pini, Antonio M. Risitano, Carmine Selleri, Alessandro Levis, Nicola Mordini, Andrea Gallamini, Rocco Pastano, Marco Casini, Massimo Aglietta, Mauro Montanari, Giuseppe Console, Mario Boccadoro, Umberto Ricardi, Benedetto Bruno. (2012) Multicenter Experience Using Total Lymphoid Irradiation and Antithymocyte Globulin as Conditioning for Allografting in Hematological Malignancies. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 18:10, 1600-1607
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Sung W. Choi, Patrick Stiff, Kenneth Cooke, James L.M. Ferrara, Thomas Braun, Carrie Kitko, Pavan Reddy, Gregory Yanik, Shin Mineishi, Sophie Paczesny, David Hanauer, Attaphol Pawarode, Edward Peres, Tulio Rodriguez, Scott Smith, John E. Levine. (2012) TNF-Inhibition with Etanercept for Graft-versus-Host Disease Prevention in High-Risk HCT: Lower TNFR1 Levels Correlate with Better Outcomes. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 18:10, 1525-1532
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Paolo Castellarin, Kristen Stevenson, Matteo Biasotto, Anna Yuan, Sook-Bin Woo, Nathaniel Simon Treister. (2012) Extensive Dental Caries in Patients with Oral Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 18:10, 1573-1579
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Elihu H Estey. (2012) Intensity of conditioning for allogeneic haemopoetic cell transplantation. The Lancet Oncology 13:10, 966-968
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S Kurosawa, K Yakushijin, T Yamaguchi, Y Atsuta, T Nagamura-Inoue, H Akiyama, S Taniguchi, K Miyamura, S Takahashi, T Eto, H Ogawa, M Kurokawa, J Tanaka, K Kawa, K Kato, R Suzuki, Y Morishima, H Sakamaki, T Fukuda. (2012) Changes in incidence and causes of non-relapse mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in patients with acute leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome: an analysis of the Japan Transplant Outcome Registry. Bone Marrow Transplantation
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Jan J. Cornelissen, Alois Gratwohl, Richard F. Schlenk, Jorge Sierra, Martin Bornhäuser, Gunnar Juliusson, Zdenek Råcil, Jacob M. Rowe, Nigel Russell, Mohamad Mohty, Bob Löwenberg, Gerard Socié, Dietger Niederwieser, Gert J. Ossenkoppele. (2012) The European LeukemiaNet AML Working Party consensus statement on allogeneic HSCT for patients with AML in remission: an integrated-risk adapted approach. Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology 9:10, 579-590
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Wataru Munakata, Junko Nomoto, Noriko Takahashi, Hirokazu Taniguchi, Akiko Miyagi Maeshima, Hisao Asamura, Ryuji Tanosaki, Yuji Heike, Takahiro Fukuda, Kensei Tobinai, Yukio Kobayashi. (2012) Carcinoma of Donor Origin After Allogeneic Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation. The American Journal of Surgical Pathology 36:9, 1376-1384
56
Steven A. Pergam, Hu Xie, Ravinder Sandhu, Margaret Pollack, Jeremy Smith, Terry Stevens-Ayers, Valeria Ilieva, Louise E. Kimball, Meei-Li Huang, Tracy S. Hayes, Lawrence Corey, Michael J. Boeckh. (2012) Efficiency and Risk Factors for CMV Transmission in Seronegative Hematopoietic Stem Cell Recipients. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 18:9, 1391-1400
57
P Balasubramanian, S Desire, J C Panetta, K M Lakshmi, V Mathews, B George, A Viswabandya, M Chandy, R Krishnamoorthy, A Srivastava. (2012) Population pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide in patients with thalassemia major undergoing HSCT. Bone Marrow Transplantation 47:9, 1178-1185
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B Martín-Antonio, I Álvarez-Laderas, R Cardesa, F Márquez-Malaver, A Baez, M Carmona, J Falantes, M Suarez-Lledo, F Fernández-Avilés, C Martínez, M Rovira, I Espigado, Á Urbano-Ispizua. (2012) A constitutional variant in the transcription factor EP300 strongly influences the clinical outcome of patients submitted to allo-SCT. Bone Marrow Transplantation 47:9, 1206-1211
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Thomas R. Spitzer, Bimalangshu R. Dey, Yi-Bin Chen, Eyal Attar, Karen K. Ballen. (2012) The expanding frontier of hematopoietic cell transplantation. Cytometry Part B: Clinical Cytometry 82B:5, 271-279
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Boglarka Gyurkocza, H. Joachim Deeg. (2012) Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for MDS: For whom, when and how?. Blood Reviews
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L. Vago, G. Oliveira, A. Bondanza, M. Noviello, C. Soldati, D. Ghio, I. Brigida, R. Greco, M. T. Lupo Stanghellini, J. Peccatori, S. Fracchia, M. Del Fiacco, C. Traversari, A. Aiuti, A. Del Maschio, C. Bordignon, F. Ciceri, C. Bonini. (2012) T-cell suicide gene therapy prompts thymic renewal in adults after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Blood 120:9, 1820-1830
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H. J. Deeg, B. L. Scott, M. Fang, H. M. Shulman, B. Gyurkocza, D. Myerson, J. M. Pagel, U. Platzbecker, A. Ramakrishnan, J. P. Radich, B. M. Sandmaier, M. Sorror, D. L. Stirewalt, W. A. Wilson, R. Storb, F. R. Appelbaum, T. Gooley. (2012) Five-group cytogenetic risk classification, monosomal karyotype, and outcome after hematopoietic cell transplantation for MDS or acute leukemia evolving from MDS. Blood 120:7, 1398-1408
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R. Raimondi, A. Tosetto, R. Oneto, R. Cavazzina, F. Rodeghiero, A. Bacigalupo, R. Fanin, A. Rambaldi, A. Bosi. (2012) Validation of the Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation-Specific Comorbidity Index: a prospective, multicenter GITMO study. Blood 120:6, 1327-1333
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Andrew R Rezvani, Rainer F Storb. (2012) Prevention of graft-vs.-host disease. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 13:12, 1737-1750
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Aaron T. Gerds, Ted A. Gooley, Elihu H. Estey, Frederick R. Appelbaum, H. Joachim Deeg, Bart L. Scott. (2012) Pretransplantation Therapy with Azacitidine vs Induction Chemotherapy and Posttransplantation Outcome in Patients with MDS. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 18:8, 1211-1218
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Lise Willems, Raphaël Porcher, Matthieu Lafaurie, Isabelle Casin, Marie Robin, Aliénor Xhaard, Anna Lisa Andreoli, Paula Rodriguez-Otero, Nathalie Dhedin, Gérard Socié, Patricia Ribaud, Régis Peffault de Latour. (2012) Clostridium difficile Infection after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcome. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 18:8, 1295-1301
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S Sharma, W-H Leung, P Deqing, J Yang, R Rochester, L Britton, M D Neel, K K Ness, S C Kaste. (2012) Osteonecrosis in children after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: study of prevalence, risk factors and longitudinal changes using MR imaging. Bone Marrow Transplantation 47:8, 1067-1074
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Y Mori, T Teshima, K Kamezaki, K Kato, K Takenaka, H Iwasaki, T Miyamoto, K Nagafuji, T Eto, K Akashi. (2012) Validation of pretransplantation assessment of mortality risk score in the outcome of hematopoietic SCT in non-Caucasians. Bone Marrow Transplantation 47:8, 1075-1081
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A Rambaldi, A Bacigalupo, R Fanin, F Ciceri, F Bonifazi, M Falda, G Lambertenghi-Deliliers, F Benedetti, B Bruno, P Corradini, P E Alessandrino, P Iacopino, W Arcese, R Scimè, R Raimondi, S Sica, L Castagna, T Lamparelli, R Oneto, L Lombardini, S Pollichieni, A Algarotti, A Carobbio, N Sacchi, A Bosi. (2012) Outcome of patients activating an unrelated donor search: the impact of transplant with reduced intensity conditioning in a large cohort of consecutive high-risk patients. Leukemia 26:8, 1779-1785
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Betty K. Hamilton, Edward A. Copelan. (2012) Concise Review: The Role of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. STEM CELLS 30:8, 1581-1586
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Marie Bleakley, Cameron J Turtle, Stanley R Riddell. (2012) Augmentation of anti-tumor immunity by adoptive T-cell transfer after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Expert Review of Hematology 5:4, 409-425
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A. S. Wayne, J. P. Radich. (2012) Pretransplant MRD: the light is yellow, not red. Blood 120:2, 244-246
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W. Leung, C.-H. Pui, E. Coustan-Smith, J. Yang, D. Pei, K. Gan, A. Srinivasan, C. Hartford, B. M. Triplett, M. Dallas, A. Pillai, D. Shook, J. E. Rubnitz, J. T. Sandlund, S. Jeha, H. Inaba, R. C. Ribeiro, R. Handgretinger, J. H. Laver, D. Campana. (2012) Detectable minimal residual disease before hematopoietic cell transplantation is prognostic but does not preclude cure for children with very-high-risk leukemia. Blood 120:2, 468-472
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G. Stephen Morris, Jude K.A. des Bordes, Holly M. Holmes, Sergio Giralt. (2012) Frailty and stem cell transplantation in the older patient with cancer. Journal of Geriatric Oncology 3:3, 273-278
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Cynthia L. Toze, Chinmay B. Dalal, Thomas J. Nevill, Tanya L. Gillan, Yasser R. Abou Mourad, Michael J. Barnett, Raewyn C. Broady, Donna L. Forrest, Donna E. Hogge, Stephen H. Nantel, Maryse M. Power, Kevin W. Song, Heather J. Sutherland, Clayton A. Smith, Sujaatha Narayanan, Sean S. Young, Joseph M. Connors, John D. Shepherd. (2012) Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: outcome in a 20-year cohort. British Journal of Haematology 158:2, 174-185
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Navneet S. Majhail, Ruta Brazauskas, Anna Hassebroek, Christopher N. Bredeson, Theresa Hahn, Gregory A. Hale, Mary M. Horowitz, Hillard M. Lazarus, Richard T. Maziarz, William A. Wood, Susan K. Parsons, Steven Joffe, J. Douglas Rizzo, Stephanie J. Lee, Brandon M. Hayes-Lattin. (2012) Outcomes of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Adolescent and Young Adults Compared with Children and Older Adults with Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 18:6, 861-873
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